The relationship between plasma GIP and GLP-1 levels in individuals with normal and impaired glucose tolerance

Abstract

Aims Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is released primarily from the proximal small intestine and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from the more distal small intestine and colon. Their relative importance to the incretin effect in health has been contentious in the past, although it now appears that GIP has the dominant role. It is uncertain whether there is a relationship between GIP and GLP-1 secretion. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between plasma GIP and GLP-1 responses to a 75-g oral glucose load in individuals with normal (NGT) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Methods One hundred healthy subjects had measurements of blood glucose, serum insulin, plasma GIP and GLP-1 concentrations for 240 min after a 300 mL drink containing 75 g glucose. Results Fifty had NGT and 41 IGT; 9 had type 2 diabetes and were excluded from analysis. In both groups, there were increases in plasma GIP and GLP-1 following the glucose drink, with no difference in the magnitude of the responses between t = 0-240 min. There was a weak relationship between the iAUC 0-240 min for GIP and GLP-1 in the combined (r = 0.23, P = 0.015) and in the IGT (r = 0.34, P = 0.01), but not in the NGT (r = 0.15, P = 0.14) group. Conclusions There is a weak relationship between oral glucose-induced GIP and GLP-1 secretions in non-diabetic subjects.

Identifying Natural Therapeutics against Diabetes via Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4: Molecular Docking and MD Simulation Study

“…Both GIP and GLP-1 deactivate α-cells and induces β-cells of pancreatic islets of Langerhans, thereby lowering the blood glucose level. [15][16][17][18] DPP IV is a GIP and GLP-1 antagonist, respectively inducing the glucagon release and inhibiting the insulin secretion and thus facilitates the onset of hyperglycemia. Most of the drug molecules viz., The proposed work aims to identify potential inhibitors against diabetes through molecular interaction of DPP IV with sixteen natural molecules viz., 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, apigenin, bromelain, caffeic acid, cholecalciferol, dihydrokaempferol 7-o-glucopyranoside, galactomannan, genkwanin, isoimperatorin, luteolin, luteolin 7-o-glucoside, neohesperidin, oleanoic acid, pelargonidin-3-rutinoside, quercetin, and quinic acid using AutoDock Tools (ADT).…”