The Relationship Between Oil Viscosity and Engine Performance-A Literature Search

Stewart, R. M.; Selby, Theodore W.

doi:10.4271/770372

Cited by 34 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…High fuel viscosity (μ) may inhibit use due to increased pumping costs or heating requirements. 28 With the exception of dimethyl ether (DME), gases/liquefied gases offer the lowest viscosities. Low research octane numbers (RONs) suggest a fuel is more suitable for compression−ignition applications, while high values relay good spark ignition performance.…”

Section: Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fossil fuels offer the highest energy densities (ρ) and second-highest specific energies, followed by both nitrogen- and carbon-based alternative fuels. High fuel viscosity (μ) may inhibit use due to increased pumping costs or heating requirements . With the exception of dimethyl ether (DME), gases/liquefied gases offer the lowest viscosities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress and Prospective of Nitrogen-Based Alternative Fuels

et al. 2020

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Alternative fuels are essential to enable the transition to a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy supply. Synthetic fuels derived from renewable energies can act as energy storage media, thus mitigating the effects of fossil fuels on environment and health. Their economic viability, environmental impact, and compatibility with current infrastructure and technologies are fuel and power source specific. Nitrogen-based fuels pose one possible synthetic fuel pathway. In this review, we discuss the progress and current research on utilization of nitrogen-based fuels in power applications, covering the complete fuel cycle. We cover the production, distribution, and storage of nitrogen-based fuels. We assess much of the existing literature on the reactions involved in the ammonia to nitrogen atom pathway in nitrogen-based fuel combustion. Furthermore, we discuss nitrogen-based fuel applications ranging from combustion engines to gas turbines, as well as their exploitation by suggested end-uses. Thereby, we evaluate the potential opportunities and challenges of expanding the role of nitrogen-based molecules in the energy sector, outlining their use as energy carriers in relevant fields.

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Section: Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Prospective of Nitrogen-Based Alternative Fuels

et al. 2020

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“…Classification System (SAE J300a). (6)(7)(8) The cold-cranking simulator is intended to correlate with engine cranking, which is a high shear rate process; however, oil flow, which is a low shear rate process, was not addressed by a bench test at this time.…”

Section: B Background -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Temperature Pumpability of U.S. Army Diesel Engine Oils

Frame¹,

Montemayor²,

Owens³

1989

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Contract No. DAAK70-87-C-0043 AUG 2 31988 ! ' Approved for public release; distrioution unlimited H D~cernber 1987 07% % = Disclaimers The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. Trade names cited in this report do not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial hardware or software.

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“…The utility of this measurement was completely nullified by the non-Newtonian nature of polymer-containing oils. Instead the cold-cranking simulator, CCS, was adopted as the industry standard in SAE J300a in 1967, and developments in this area up to 1975 were carefully reviewed [80].…”

Section: Low-temperature Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity Index Improvers and Thickeners

Stambaugh

Kinker

2009

Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants

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The viscosity index of an oil or an oil formulation is an important physical parameter. Viscosity index improvers, VIIs, are comprised of five main classes of polymers: polymethylmethacrylates (PMAs), olefin copolymers (OCPs), hydrogenated poly(styrene-co-butadiene or isoprene) (HSD/SIP/HRIs), esterified polystyrene-co-maleic anhydride (SPEs) and a combination of PMA/OCP systems. The chemistry, manufacture, dispersancy and utility of each class are described. The comparative functions, properties, thickening ability, dispersancy and degradation of VIIs are discussed. Permanent and temporary shear thinning of VII-thickened formulations are described and compared. The end-use performance and choice of VI improvers is discussed in terms of low-and high-temperature viscosities, journal bearing oil film thickness, fuel economy, oil consumption, high-temperature pumping efficiency and deposit control. Discussion of future developments concludes that VI improvers will evolve to meet new challenges of increased thermaloxidative degradation from increased engine operating temperatures, different base stocks of either synthetic base oils or vegetable oil-based, together with alcohol-or vegetable oil-based fuels. VI improvers must also evolve to deal with higher levels of fuel dilution and new types of sludge and also enhanced low-temperature requirements. IntroductionThe 'viscosity index', VI, was an important measure of quality early in the history of the lubricants industry, indicating an oil's potential applications over a wide range of temperatures, described in Section 1.3.2. Pennsylvania grade oils,~100 VI, were the standard against which all others were measured. Hydrogenation and solvent extraction processes were developed to upgrade lubricants from poorer quality crude oils, but the practical VI ceiling for 1930s refinery technology was~110-115.Early workers found that small amounts of rubber dissolved into mineral oil substantially raised VI; however, high levels of unsaturation in the polymer led to oxidation and sludge formation. This was overcome by using a synthetic polymer prepared from gasoline light ends [1], and similar behaviour was later described for 153 R.M. Mortier et al. (eds.), Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants, 3rd edn.,

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The Relationship Between Oil Viscosity and Engine Performance-A Literature Search

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

Progress and Prospective of Nitrogen-Based Alternative Fuels

Progress and Prospective of Nitrogen-Based Alternative Fuels

Low-Temperature Pumpability of U.S. Army Diesel Engine Oils

Viscosity Index Improvers and Thickeners

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