The Relationship between Obesity and Fecundity

Yılmaz, Nafiye; Kılıç, Sevtap; Kanat-Pektaş, Mine; Gülerman, Cavidan; Mollamahmutoğlu, Leyla

doi:10.1089/jwh.2008.1057

Cited by 42 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…43 A retrospective cohort study of 22,840 women demonstrated that obesity was associated with reduced fecundity for all weight-adjusted groups of women and persisted for women with regular cycles. 44 In addition, obesity may alter the quality of oocytes and embryos. 45 Some studies demonstrate increased female sexual dysfunction in obese patients, whether caused by the physical or psychological impacts of obesity on female sexuality.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Women's Health: An Evidence-Based Review

Kulie¹,

Slattengren²,

Redmer³

et al. 2011

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

264

181

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Obesity negatively impacts the health of women in many ways. Being overweight or obese increases the relative risk of diabetes and coronary artery disease in women. Women who are obese have a higher risk of low back pain and knee osteoarthritis. Obesity negatively affects both contraception and fertility as well. Maternal obesity is linked with higher rates of cesarean section as well as higher rates of highrisk obstetrical conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. Pregnancy outcomes are negatively affected by maternal obesity (increased risk of neonatal mortality and malformations). Maternal obesity is associated with a decreased intention to breastfeed, decreased initiation of breastfeeding, and decreased duration of breastfeeding. There seems to be an association between obesity and depression in women, though cultural factors may influence this association. Obese women are at higher risk for multiple cancers, including endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, and perhaps ovarian cancer. The prevalence of obesity is rising. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 1 billion people are overweight, with 300 million meeting the criteria for obesity. 1 Twenty-six percent of nonpregnant women ages 20 to 39 are overweight and 29% are obese. 2 This article will review the wide-ranging effects that obesity has on both reproductive health and chronic medical conditions in women.A PubMed search was performed using the key words "obesity," "overweight," "body mass index" (BMI), "gender," "women's health," and the condition reviewed. The most recent evidence-based articles were included in the review. The evidence level of each article was determined by the authors based on the type of study, randomization, the number of participants, and loss to follow-up. Table 1 provides a classification for overweight and obesity based on BMI. 3 Waist circumference can also be used to classify overweight and obesity. In women, a waist circumference of Ͼ35 inches (88 cm) is high risk, whereas in men the level is Ͼ40 inches (102 cm). Research varies in the measurements of obesity used to classify participants in each study. Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes MellitusThe risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) increases with the degree and duration of being overweight or obese and with a more central or visceral distribution of body fat. Increased visceral fat enhances the degree of insulin resistance associated with obesity. 4 In turn, insulin resistance and increased visceral fat are the hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, an assembly of risk factors for developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. 4 -6 The Nurses' Health Study followed 84,000 female nurses for 16 years and found that being overweight or obese was the single most important predictor of DM. 7 An increased risk of DM was seen in women with BMI values Ͼ24 and a waistto-hip ratio Ͼ0.76. 8 After adjusting for age, family history of diabetes, smoking, exercise, and several This article was externally peer reviewed.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Women's Health: An Evidence-Based Review

Kulie¹,

Slattengren²,

Redmer³

et al. 2011

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

264

181

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Obesity is implicated as a cause of menstrual dysfunction often leading to oligomenorrhea, anovulation, and dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Even among women with regular menstrual cycles, fecundity has been shown to be reduced in both overweight and obese populations (3,4). Additionally, higher rates of prepregnancy obesity have been associated with increasing rates of pregnancy complications, including increased rates of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, postpartum hemorrhage, and fetal macrosomia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of body mass index on the outcomes of first assisted reproductive technology cycles

Moragianni

Jones

Ryley

2012

Fertility and Sterility

156

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“…A recent report described an increased incidence of smoking with obesity, but did not address whether any difference in the rate of smoking existed between obese and morbidly obese women. 12 In multivariate analysis, smoking did not impact the risk of prematurity in our population. The impact of smoking on birth outcomes seems to depend on multiple factors and, therefore, conflicting results have been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Maternal obesity, associated complications and risk of prematurity

et al. 2009

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Objective: We aimed at (a) examining the rates of obesity over a 12-year period; (b) studying the effect of obesity and morbid obesity on gestational age and birth weight and (c) determining the influence of race on the association between maternal obesity and the gestational age of a newborn. Study Design:We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from the perinatal data set of mothers delivering at the George Washington University between 1992 and 2003. We stratified mother/infant pairs (n ¼ 14 183) into three groups on the basis of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI): not obese (BMI<30), obese (BMI 30 to 39) and morbidly obese (BMIX40). We identified all spontaneous and induced preterm deliveries in each group. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to control for significant differences between groups.Result: We identified obesity in 1707 (12%) and morbid obesity in 415 (3%) of the mothers. Obesity and morbid obesity increased over time during the study period. In crude analysis, mothers with obesity and morbid obesity were more likely to deliver prematurely (16.7 and 20.3%, respectively) when compared with nonobese women (14.5%), and were also more likely to have other complications including smoking, anemia, hypertension, diabetes and cesarean delivery. When controlling for these complications in a logistic regression model, obesity and morbid obesity were not associated with prematurity. Conclusion:There is no direct link between obesity and prematurity. Prematurity is more likely caused by medical complications that frequently occur in obese women. Further studies are needed on this growing population to test whether providing adequate prenatal care can control the associated medical conditions and subsequently ameliorate the rate of prematurity.

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The Relationship between Obesity and Fecundity

Abstract: Obesity was found to be associated with reduced fecundity for all weight-adjusted groups of women and persisted for women with regular cycles. Weight loss should be encouraged initially during the treatment of infertile overweight and obese women.

Cited by 42 publications

References 23 publications

Obesity and Women's Health: An Evidence-Based Review

Obesity and Women's Health: An Evidence-Based Review

The effect of body mass index on the outcomes of first assisted reproductive technology cycles

Maternal obesity, associated complications and risk of prematurity

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