Seasonal and diurnal patterns of NH,+ and NO,-uptake were determined for Lake Kinneret phytoplankton. Nanoplankton generally, but not always, had a higher uptake of NH,+ and NO,-than did net plankton. Ammonium was always taken up preferentially and the phytoplankton had lower apparent affinity constants (K,) for this ion than for N03-. However, during the annual dinoflagellate bloom of Peridinium (February-May), when ambient levels of NH,+ were low and those of N03-were high, a considerable portion of the total N flux was derived from NO,-. The observed daily fluctuations of specific uptake rates for both NH;' and NOJ-can be partially explained by changes in light intensity. The finding that N03-was utilized by the dinoflagellates implies that control of the amounts of this nutrient, which is predominantly supplied from watershed sources, could be important in limiting eutrophication in Lake Kinneret.