The relationship between nectaries and floral architecture: a case study in Geraniaceae and Hypseocharitaceae

Jeiter, Julius; Hilger, Hartmut H.; Smets, Erik; Weigend, Maximilian

doi:10.1093/aob/mcx101

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For just nectar and floral size traits, average bias was −0. New Phytologist been specified (Smyth et al, 1990;Baum et al, 2001;Thornburg, 2007;Jeiter et al, 2017); in these Ipomoea species, the nectary is not visibly present in the earliest stages of flower development when the four major floral organs are easily identifiable (pers. obs.).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modularity and selection of nectar traits in the evolution of the selfing syndrome in Ipomoea lacunosa (Convolvulaceae)

et al. 2021

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Although the evolution of the selfing syndrome often involves reductions in floral size, pollen and nectar, few studies of selfing syndrome divergence have examined nectar. We investigate whether nectar traits have evolved independently of other floral size traits in the selfing syndrome, whether nectar traits diverged due to drift or selection, and the extent to which quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses predict genetic correlations.We use F5 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) generated from a cross between Ipomoea cordatotriloba and Ipomoea lacunosa. We calculate genetic correlations to identify evolutionary modules, test whether trait divergence was due to selection, identify QTLs and perform correlation analyses to evaluate how well QTL properties reflect genetic correlations.Nectar and floral size traits form separate evolutionary modules. Selection has acted to reduce nectar traits in the selfing I. lacunosa. Genetic correlations predicted from QTL properties are consistent with observed genetic correlations.Changes in floral traits associated with the selfing syndrome reflect independent evolution of at least two evolutionary modules: nectar and floral size traits. We also demonstrate directional selection on nectar traits, which is likely to be independent of selection on floral size traits. Our study also supports the expected mechanistic link between QTL properties and genetic correlations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modularity and selection of nectar traits in the evolution of the selfing syndrome in Ipomoea lacunosa (Convolvulaceae)

et al. 2021

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“…The anthophore is generally uncommon in angiosperms. Its presence is well-known in some members of the eudicot family Caryophyllaceae, e.g., [47] and recently documented in Geraniaceae [48][49][50]. Recognizing an anthophore is only possible in groups with stable perianth groundplan where sepal and petal homologies are clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability Despite Reduction: Flower Structure, Patterns of Receptacle Elongation and Organ Fusion in Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae: Poales)

Sokoloff

Yadav

Chandore³

et al. 2020

Plants

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Eriocaulaceae (Poales) differ from potentially related Xyridaceae in pattern of floral organ arrangement relative to subtending bract (with median sepal adaxial). Some Eriocaulaceae possess reduced and non-trimerous perianth, but developmental data are insufficient. We conducted a SEM investigation of flower development in three species of Eriocaulon to understand whether organ number and arrangement are stable in E. redactum, a species with a highly reduced calyx and reportedly missing corolla. Early flower development is similar in all three species. Male and female flowers are indistinguishable at early stages. Despite earlier reports, both floral types uniformly possess three congenitally united sepals and three petals in E. redactum. Petals and inner stamens develop from common primordia. We assume that scanning electron microscopy should be used in taxonomic accounts of Eriocaulon to assess organ number and arrangement. Two types of corolla reduction are found in Eriocaulaceae: suppression and complete loss of petals. Common petal–stamen primordia in Eriocaulon do not co-occur with delayed receptacle expansion as in other monocots but are associated with retarded petal growth. The ‘reverse’ flower orientation of Eriocaulon is probably due to strictly transversal lateral sepals. Gynoecium development indicates similarities of Eriocaulaceae with restiids and graminids rather than with Xyridaceae.

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“…Although the development of the flower and the floral nectary are undoubtedly linked, they may differ in the timing of cell fate specification and the coordination between cell division and expansion. The nectary often develops after floral organs have been specified (Smyth et al, 1990;Baum et al, 2001;Thornburg, 2007;Jeiter et al, 2017); in these Ipomoea species, the nectary is not visibly present in the earliest stages of flower development when the four major floral organs are easily identifiable (personal observation).…”

Section: Nectar Traits and Floral Size Traits Are Separate Evolutionary Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modularity and selection of nectar traits in the evolution of the selfing syndrome in Ipomoea lacunosa (Convolvulaceae)

Liao

Rifkin

Cao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Although the evolution of the selfing syndrome often involves reductions in floral size, pollen, and nectar, few studies of selfing syndrome divergence have examined nectar. We investigate whether nectar traits have evolved independently of other floral size traits in the selfing syndrome, whether nectar traits diverged due to drift or selection, and the extent to which quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses predict genetic correlations. We use F5 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) generated from a cross between Ipomoea cordatotriloba and I. lacunosa. We calculate genetic correlations to identify evolutionary modules, test whether traits have been under selection, identify QTLs, and perform correlation analyses to evaluate how well QTL properties reflect the genetic correlations. Nectar and floral size traits form separate genetic clusters. Directional selection has acted to reduce nectar traits in the selfing I. lacunosa. Calculations from QTL properties are consistent with observed genetic correlations. Floral trait divergence during mating system syndrome evolution reflects independent evolution of at least two evolutionary modules: nectar and floral size traits. This independence implies that adaptive change in these modules requires direct selection on both floral size and nectar traits. Our study also supports the expected mechanistic link between QTL properties and genetic correlations.

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The relationship between nectaries and floral architecture: a case study in Geraniaceae and Hypseocharitaceae

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

Modularity and selection of nectar traits in the evolution of the selfing syndrome in Ipomoea lacunosa (Convolvulaceae)

Modularity and selection of nectar traits in the evolution of the selfing syndrome in Ipomoea lacunosa (Convolvulaceae)

Stability Despite Reduction: Flower Structure, Patterns of Receptacle Elongation and Organ Fusion in Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae: Poales)

Modularity and selection of nectar traits in the evolution of the selfing syndrome in Ipomoea lacunosa (Convolvulaceae)

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