Stability Despite Reduction: Flower Structure, Patterns of Receptacle Elongation and Organ Fusion in Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae: Poales)

Sokoloff, Dmitry D.; Yadav, Shrirang R.; Chandore, A. N.; Remizowa, Margarita V.

doi:10.3390/plants9111424

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 69 publications

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“…Such simultaneous initiation of numerous organs requires more space and meristematic material, leaving only a small area for gynoecium inception. Among Poales, common petal-stamen primordia have been reported for Xyridaceae (Remizowa et al, 2012;Nardi et al, 2021) and Eriocaulaceae (Stützel, 1984;Silva et al, 2016;Sokoloff et al, 2020). Simultaneous organ initiation but with separate primordia is also found in Rapateaceae.…”

Section: Floral Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 98%

Flower and Spikelet Construction in Rapateaceae (Poales)

et al. 2022

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The family Rapateaceae represents an early-divergent lineage of Poales with biotically pollinated showy flowers. We investigate developmental morphology and anatomy in all three subfamilies and five tribes of Rapateaceae to distinguish between contrasting hypotheses on spikelet morphology and to address questions on the presence of nectaries and gynoecium structure. We support an interpretation of the partial inflorescence (commonly termed spikelet), as a uniaxial system composed of a terminal flower and numerous empty phyllomes. A terminal flower in an inflorescence unit is an autapomorphic feature of Rapateaceae. The gynoecium consists of synascidiate, symplicate, and usually asymplicate zones, with gynoecium formation encompassing congenital and often also postgenital fusions between carpels. Species of Rapateaceae differ in the relative lengths of the gynoecial zones, the presence or absence of postgenital fusion between the carpels and placentation in the ascidiate or plicate carpel zones. In contrast with previous reports, septal nectaries are lacking in all species. The bird-pollinated tribe Schoenocephalieae is characterized by congenital syncarpy; it displays an unusual type of gynoecial (non-septal) nectary represented by a secretory epidermis at the gynoecium base.

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Section: Floral Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 98%

Flower and Spikelet Construction in Rapateaceae (Poales)

et al. 2022

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Floral structure of Mesanthemum radicans (Eriocaulaceae, Poales): morphological and anatomical novelties

Silva¹,

Stützel²,

Trovó³

et al. 2021

South African Journal of Botany

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Floral development and vasculature in Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae) provide insights into the evolution of Poales

et al. 2021

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Background and aims Floral developmental studies are crucial for understanding the evolution of floral structures and sexual systems in angiosperms. Within the monocot order Poales, both subfamilies of Eriocaulaceae have unisexual flowers bearing unusual nectaries. Few previous studies have investigated floral development in subfamily Eriocauloideae, which includes the large, diverse and widespread genus Eriocaulon. To understand floral variation and the evolution of the androecium, gynoecium and floral nectaries of Eriocaulaceae, we analysed floral development and vasculature in Eriocaulon and compared it with that of subfamily Paepalanthoideae and the related family Xyridaceae in a phylogenetic context. Methods Thirteen species of Eriocaulon were studied. Developmental analysis was carried out using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and vasculature analysis was carried out using light microscopy (LM). Fresh material was also analysed using SEM with a Cryo function. Character evolution was reconstructed over well-resolved phylogenies. Key Results Perianth reductions can occur due to delayed development that can also result in loss of the vascular bundles of the median sepals. Nectariferous petal glands cease development and remain vestigial in some species. In staminate flowers, the inner stamens can emerge before the outer ones, and carpels are transformed into nectariferous carpellodes. In pistillate flowers, stamens are reduced to staminodes and the gynoecium has dorsal stigmas. Conclusions Floral morphology is highly diverse in Eriocaulon, as a result of fusion, reduction or loss of perianth parts. The nectariferous carpellodes of staminate flowers originated first in the ancestor of Eriocaulaceae; petal glands and nectariferous branches of pistillate flowers originated independently in Eriocaulaceae through transfer of function. We present a hypothesis of floral evolution for the family, illustrating a shift from bisexuality to unisexuality and the evolution of nectaries in a complex monocot family that can contribute to future studies on reproductive biology and floral evolution in other groups.

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Stability Despite Reduction: Flower Structure, Patterns of Receptacle Elongation and Organ Fusion in Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae: Poales)

Cited by 6 publications

References 69 publications

Flower and Spikelet Construction in Rapateaceae (Poales)

Flower and Spikelet Construction in Rapateaceae (Poales)

Floral structure of Mesanthemum radicans (Eriocaulaceae, Poales): morphological and anatomical novelties

Floral development and vasculature in Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae) provide insights into the evolution of Poales

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