The Relationship between Macronutrient Distribution and Type 2 Diabetes in Asian Indians

Abstract

Asian Indians (AIs) are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus than other ethnic groups. AIs also have lower body mass index (BMI) values than other populations, so can benefit from strategies other than weight reduction. Macronutrient distributions are associated with improved glycemic control; however, no specific distribution is generally recommended. This study looks at whether a macronutrient distribution of 50:30:20 (percent of total calories from carbohydrates, fats, and protein) is related to diabetes status in AIs. Diet and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were assessed from convenience sample of AI adults in Maryland. A ratio of actual to needed calories using the 50:30:20 macronutrient distribution was then tested against diabetes status to identify associations. All groups except non-diabetic females, were in negative energy balance. The non-diabetic group consumed larger actual to needed ratios of protein than pre-diabetics and diabetics. However, all groups consumed protein at the lower end of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), and the quality of all macronutrients consumed was low. Therefore, weight loss may not be the recommendation for diabetes management for AIs. Increasing protein and insoluble fiber consumption, could play a critical role.

Nutritional, Textural, and Sensory Attributes of Protein Bars Formulated with Mycoproteins

“…Caloric distribution analysis of our model protein bars ( Figure 1 ) unveiled energy contributions from carbohydrates, fat, and protein within ranges of 32.2% to 44.9%, 16.2% to 26.6%, and 38.9% to 41.2%, respectively. It is worth noting that certain distributions deviated from the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR), set at 45% to 65% for carbohydrates, 20% to 35% for fat, and 10% to 35% for protein, as recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) [ 29 , 30 ], reflecting the protein-rich nature of high-protein and high-fiber nutrition bars (HPNBs). Furthermore, the moisture content of bars containing added mycoprotein in our current study averaged around 10%, consistent with typical levels found in most commercial HPNBs [ 3 ].…”

Impact of Diet Composition on Insulin Resistance

“…The impact of diet patterns on the regulation of the metabolism and in the pathological conditions related with insulin resistance is also known to be dependent not only on different cultural behaviors between different populations but also on their genetic background. Pandya and colleagues studied the Asian Indian (AI) population from Mangal Mandir, a Hindu temple in the Baltimore/Washington Metropolitan Area [32]. AI populations are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to other ethnic groups, even though they have a lower body mass index, for a number of reasons.…”