The Relationship Between Lava Fountaining and Vent Morphology for the 2014–2015 Holuhraun Eruption, Iceland, Analyzed by Video Monitoring and Topographic Mapping

Witt, Tanja; Walter, Thomas R.; Müller, Daniel; Guðmundsson, M. T.; Schöpa, Anne

doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00235

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…This process is, along with initial heterogeneity of the fissure, what controlled the transition from a semicontinuous curtain of fire from a sheet-like conduit to focused activity at discrete vents fed by more pipe-like conduits. Similar processes have been inferred to have occurred in other Icelandic [Eibl et al 2017;Witt et al 2018] and Hawaiian eruptions [Parcheta et al 2015].…”

Section: A Model Of Shallow Conduit Processessupporting

confidence: 80%

Driving mechanisms of subaerial and subglacial explosive episodes during the 10th century Eldgjá fissure eruption, southern Iceland

et al. 2019

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The 10 th century Eldgjá fissure eruption is the largest in Iceland in historical time. It erupted 21.0 km 3 of magma, with 1.3 km 3 as tephra in at least 16 explosive episodes from subaerial and subglacial vents, producing magmatic and phreatomagmatic deposits respectively. Grain-size distributions for these end-members show distinct differences at comparable distances from source: the former are coarser and unimodal; the latter are finer and bimodal. These distributions appear to record different primary fragmentation histories. In contrast, the vesicle-size distributions of pyroclasts from each type of deposit show the magma was fully expanded and underwent similar vesicle nucleation and growth prior to fragmentation. This indicates that the role of glacial water was comparatively latestage, re-fragmenting an already disrupting magma by quench granulation. The presence of microlite-rich domains within clasts reveals a history of complex conduit evolution, during the transition from a continuous dyke to focused, discrete vents. ÚtdrátturBasaltgosið á Eldgjársprungunni á 10. öld er staersta gosið á Íslandi á sögulegum tíma. Í gosinu kom upp um 21,0 km 3 af kviku, þar af 1,3 km 3 sem gjóska í það minnsta 16 goshrinum, sem voru magmatísk gos á sprungureinum sem lágu utan Mýrdalsjökuls og freatómagmatísk gos á reinum undir jöklinum. Kornastaerðardreifing gjóskunar frá þessum gosgerðum, framkvaemd á sýnum sem tekin voru í sömu fjarlaegð frá upptökum, er mög frábrugðin hvor annarri: magmatíska gjóskan er grófkorna og eintoppa, en freatómagmatíksa gjóskan er fínni í korninu og tvítoppa. Þessi mismunur í kornastaerðardreifingu endurspeglar mismunandi sundrunarferli kvikunnar í gosi. Aftur á móti, þá sýnir blöðrustaerðardreifing, eins og hún er maeld í vikurkornum frá hvorri gjóskugerðinni um sig, að kvikan var full-blásin áður en að hún sundraðist og að blöðrumyndun og -vöxtur í báðum tilfellum var mjög svipaður. Þetta bendir til þess að þennsla kvikugasa hafði komið af stað sundrun á kvikunni áður en að hún komst í snertingu við utanaðkomandi vatn efst í eða beint ofan við gosrásina. Snertingin við utanaðkomandi vatn einfaldlega leiddi til frekari sundrunar á vikurmolunum vegna hraðkaelingar. Örkristalla innlyksur í gjóskukornunum endurspegla flókna þróun á kvikunni efst í gosrásinni á þeim tíma sem virknin afmarkast við einstök gígop.

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Section: A Model Of Shallow Conduit Processessupporting

confidence: 80%

Driving mechanisms of subaerial and subglacial explosive episodes during the 10th century Eldgjá fissure eruption, southern Iceland

et al. 2019

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“…The evolution of monogenetic volcanic vent shape and its morphologic relationship to shallow conduit geometry has been studied at diverse locations including Hawaii (Parcheta et al., 2015), Iceland (Reynolds et al., 2017), and the Canary Islands (Dóniz‐Páez, 2015). Often eruptions in volcanic fields begin as elongate fissure eruptions, and through time evolve into one or several isolated vents along the axis of the fissure (Mitchell, 2005; Witt et al., 2018). The distribution of aspect ratios and prominences in this catalog is in agreement with this terrestrially observed trend.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Volcanic Vents of the Tharsis Volcanic Province, Mars

et al. 2021

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Distributed-style volcanism, where eruptions occur over a broad area and do not coalesce into a single central volcano, is observed on Venus, Earth, the Moon, and Mars (Head et al., 1992; P. J. Mouginis-Mark et al., 1992; Spudis et al., 2013) and is a significant end member of volcanism that occurs under conditions where subsurface magma generation is regional but processes which focus melt into major ascent pathways are limited (G. A. Valentine & Connor, 2015). Small volcanoes that form clusters on terrestrial surfaces are manifest products of this style of volcanism. On Mars, like Earth, distributed-style volcanism emplaces lava flows, cones, and low shields which are sometimes considered to be "monogenetic" (

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“…Weak (or “mild”) basaltic explosive eruptions are highly dynamic, showing shifts in style and particularly intensity on timescales of minutes to hours (e.g., Bani et al., 2013; Gaudin et al., 2017; Gurioli et al., 2008; Harris & Ripepe, 2007; Leduc et al., 2015). Fissure eruptions, a common feature at Kīlauea, Hawaii, are invaluable observational settings to fill data gaps because, unlike single point‐source vents, they often exhibit diverse styles and intensities over small time‐ and length‐ scales (e.g., Belousov et al., 2015; Orr et al., 2015; Witt et al., 2018). However, while eruption episodes at Kīlauea are emergent, the timescales of emergence are short, and they may reach peak intensity and height over just a few minutes to an hour (e.g., Richter et al., 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%