The Relationship between Immigration and the Prevalence of Dental Caries in the Yayoi People

Y, Todaka; Oyamada, Joichi; Manabe, Yoshitaka; Kitagawa, Yoshikazu; Kato, Katsutomo; Rokutanda, Atsushi

doi:10.1537/ase.111.265

Cited by 16 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Because the data used in the present and comparative samples were in general collected by the same observers using the same methods, the interobserver errors between them are negligible. However, the cut-mark data by Suzuki et al (1956) and the caries-lesion data by Fujita (1995), Ohshima (1996), and Todaka et al (2003), used for comparison, should be considered carefully, because interobserver errors between the present and comparative data may be expected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Comparative samples for this study were cited from the literature on paleodemography (Nagaoka et al, 2006(Nagaoka et al, , 2012bNagaoka andHirata, 2007, 2008), dental caries (Sakura, 1964;Fujita, 1995;Ohshima, 1996;Todaka et al, 2003), enamel hypoplasia (Sawada, 2010), and violent behavior (Suzuki et al, 1956;Hirata et al, 2004;Nagaoka et al, 2009Nagaoka et al, , 2010Nagaoka, 2012) (Table 1). The chronological ages used in the comparative samples are the Jomon (14500-300 BC), Yayoi (300 BC-300 AD), medieval (1185-1573 AD), and Edo (1603-1687 AD) periods.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demographic and pathological characteristics of the medieval Japanese: new evidence from human skeletons from Kamakura, Japan

Nagaoka

Sawada

Hirata

2013

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The purposes of this study are to conduct paleodemographic and paleopathological analyses of medieval human skeletons from Japan and to clarify their life and death situations. The materials used here were individuals from the Yuigahama-chusei-shudan-bochi site (Seika-ichiba location) (i.e. YCSB-SI), located along the Yuigahama seashore of the southern end of Kamakura City. Several new findings regarding the life and death situations of YCSB-SI were obtained: (1) YCSB-SI exhibited a younger age-at-death distribution than other skeletal series; (2) the frequency of caries lesions in YCSB-SI was 5%, females exhibited more caries lesions than males and this group exhibited the lowest caries prevalence rate among Japanese populations; (3) the frequencies of enamel hypoplasia were 67% in the upper central incisors and 73% in the lower canines, which were almost equal to those of non-medieval series; and (4) the presence of weapon-related traumas on the cranium and limb bones from YCSB-SI was demonstrated. It is inferred from the present and previously reported data that population concentration in Kamakura impacted negatively on the lives of the inhabitants, possibly by malnutrition, increase of infectious diseases, and occasionally death by violence, and that all the results can be consistently explained by assuming urbanization and severe living conditions in medieval Kamakura.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic and pathological characteristics of the medieval Japanese: new evidence from human skeletons from Kamakura, Japan

Nagaoka

Sawada

Hirata

2013

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“…In China, a limited number of studies demonstrate relatively low frequencies of caries among skeletal samples dating from the Neolithic to Early Dynasties (Mao and Yan, 1959;Turner, 1979;Li and Huang, 1991;Sakashita et al, 1997;Pechenkina et al, 2002Pechenkina et al, , 2007Todaka et al, 2003;Zhang, 2003;Eng, 2007;Zhang et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2010). In the Central Plains, an increase in oral disease and systemic stress and a decrease in the degree of dental attrition did not occur until the Late Neolithic (Longshan) period, (c. 3000-2000 BC) (Pechenkina et al, 2002(Pechenkina et al, , 2007, although stable isotope analyses indicate that the degree of millet agriculture was already relatively intensive in the Early Neolithic (Yangshao) period, (c. 5000-3000 BC) (Cai and Qiu, 1984;Pechenkina et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deteriorations in oral health beginning in the Longshan period were likely associated with the intensification of millet agriculture triggered by a decrease in environmental resources due to climatic cooling (Pechenkina et al, 2002(Pechenkina et al, , 2007. These deteriorations in oral health might be temporary, because the prevalence of caries among people of the Yin-Shang dynasty (c. 1700-1046 BC) was considerably low (Turner, 1979;Todaka et al, 2003). Differences in caries prevalence among the groups during the transition between the Bronze Age and early Iron Age in the Great Wall Region were approximately 3-5% for two groups of the nomadic economy, 6-10% for three groups of the mixed economy, and 12-18% for two groups of the agricultural economy (Zhang et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in the oral health of millet agriculturalists in the northern ‘Great Wall’ region of China from the Middle Neolithic to the Sixteen Kingdoms period

Okazaki

Wei

Zhu

2013

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Variations in oral paleopathology have been widely documented among groups stemming from different regions or periods to clarify the relationship between human health and type of subsistence. The skeletal materials unearthed around the Great Wall in northern China are suitable for this aim since archeological studies minutely report the changes in subsistence in the area. We examined oral health in the skeletal assemblages of nine millet agricultural groups between the Middle Neolithic period (c. 3800-2800 BC) and the Sixteen Kingdoms period (304-439 AD) around the Great Wall of China, and found a consistent increase in the prevalence of caries over time. Although this finding is based on analysis without sufficient demographic data, the statistically similar age distribution among the groups suggests a minimum effect of sampling error. Further analysis using three groups that have a relatively large sample size for each sex and age category also showed an increase in caries, antemortem tooth loss, periapical abscess, and calculus prevalence, and a decrease in advanced attrition, suggesting an increased consumption of agricultural foods. This trend could be a result of a more tender/refined diet related to the development of food-processing techniques, which have been demonstrated by archaeological/historical evidence and stable isotope analyses. On the other hand, sex differences in oral health varied between the Jiangjialiang Middle Neolithic and the Tuchengzi Warring States samples. In the Middle Neolithic assemblage, the frequency of advanced dental attrition in males was 3-fold that of females, suggesting the sexual division of labor in this period. In contrast, in the Warring States assemblage, the prevalence of caries in young males was a quarter of that in young females, reflecting the difference of living environments between the sexes, where young males were probably under military conscription at that time.

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“…This influence is considered to be variable in degree and timing, depending on the morphological features under consideration on the one hand, and geographic region on the other (Yamaguchi, 1982(Yamaguchi, , 1985(Yamaguchi, , 1986(Yamaguchi, , 1987Dodo, 1987;Hanihara, 1987;Mizoguchi, 1988;Dodo and Ishida, 1990;Kaifu, 1992;Nakahashi, 1993;Matsumura, 1995Matsumura, , 1998bNakahashi and Iizuka, 1998;Todaka et al, 2003;Okazaki, 2004;Watanabe et al, 2004). A more direct evidence of the genetic influence of continental populations has been provided by molecular studies of both modern humans (Omoto, 1978;Horai et al, 1991;Omoto and Saitou, 1997) and ancient skeletal remains (Oota et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronology of the Yayoi skeletal remains from the Kanto district, Japan: a preliminary re-evaluation by radiocarbon dating of postcranial material

Yoneda

Saso

Suzuki³

et al. 2005

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Radiocarbon ages were determined for 25 samples of human skeletal remains previously assigned or attributable to the Yayoi period (tentatively considered ca. 500 BC to 300 AD) of the Kanto district, Japan. Suzuki (1969) and others, predominantly on cranial morphology, recognized that the Kanto Yayoi series contains three morphological groups: the native Jomon, transitional, and Kofun types. Morphological variation of the Kanto Yayoi people was considered to be chronologically based and formed the basis of Suzuki's transformation hypothesis of the origin of the Japanese, which assumed limited influence, in eastern Japan, from continental immigrants. The 14 C dates of the present study, determined for fragmentary postcranial elements of the same general assemblage, showed that these 'Yayoi' series, in part, contain skeletal remains of different ages, including those attributable to the Jomon and Kofun periods. All specimens from the Sano site that were examined were found to most likely derive from the Jomon period, while the dated Ourayama and Iwatsubo remains are best interpreted to be of Yayoi age. The Awajinsha and Bishamon samples were found to be of mixed chronological compositions. The implications of these results are discussed.

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The Relationship between Immigration and the Prevalence of Dental Caries in the Yayoi People

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Demographic and pathological characteristics of the medieval Japanese: new evidence from human skeletons from Kamakura, Japan

Demographic and pathological characteristics of the medieval Japanese: new evidence from human skeletons from Kamakura, Japan

Variations in the oral health of millet agriculturalists in the northern ‘Great Wall’ region of China from the Middle Neolithic to the Sixteen Kingdoms period

Chronology of the Yayoi skeletal remains from the Kanto district, Japan: a preliminary re-evaluation by radiocarbon dating of postcranial material

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