The Relationship Between Human Development Index and Its Components with Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Mortality: Using the Decomposition Approach

Soheylizad, Mokhtar; Khazaei, Salman; Jenabi, Ensiyeh; Delpisheh, Ali; Veisani, Yousef

doi:10.5812/ijem.65078

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…This study clearly itemizes the socio-demographic, clinical, histological and immunohistochemistry characteristics of the Nigerian breast cancer patients in a hospital-based study. In this study, the mean age was 46 years with majority of women aged between 41 and 50 years, similar to the findings in previous studies in Nigeria but in contrast to western countries where most of the breast cancer patients are postmenopausal [5,20]. Some studies have postulated a decrease in levels of circulating estrogen levels as responsible for the decreasing age of breast cancer patients worldwide [21,22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The HDI is defined as the average achievement of three factors, including life expectancy at birth, gross national income per capita, and mean and expected years of schooling. Low HDI level includes countries that are the least developed and the very high HDI level includes the most developed countries [5]. Although, low human development index countries (L-HDI) like Nigeria have a lower incidence of breast cancer when compared to high human development index (H-HDI) countries like the United States of America (USA), mortality rates are higher [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Breast Cancer Subtypes Among Nigerian Women and Correlation to the Risk Factors and Clinicopathological Characteristics

et al. 2020

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Background: Breast cancer in African women differs from the Caucasian. Understanding the profile of Nigerian women with breast cancer will help with preventive measures and treatment. This study focused on the clinico-pathological characteristics, with risk factors of breast cancer patients in Nigeria. Methods: Newly diagnosed female patients with breast cancer were assessed over 12 months. Patients were reviewed using a predesigned proforma which focused on socio-demographic information, clinical information, risk factors and tumor biology. Results: A total of 251 women were identified; their mean age was 46 years. More than half (62.5%) are premenopausal at presentation, 37.8% with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score of 0 and right side (50.2%) as the most common primary site of disease. Less than half of them (43.0%) are estrogen receptor (ER) positive, 27.9% are progesterone receptor (PR) positive, 43.8% and 47.4% are hormone receptor positive and triple negative, respectively. Most patients presented at the latter stage of the disease, stage III (66.9%) and stage IV (18.3%). Only 15.9% are well differentiated and almost all (92.8%) had invasive ductal histological type. Obesity (66.2%) and physical inactivity (41.9%) are the most common risk factors for the disease. A significant relationship was found between immunohistochemistry status and family history of breast cancer, tumor site, previous breast surgery, previous lump and alcohol intake. Conclusion: Findings from this study showed that Nigerian breast cancer patients differ from their counterparts in the high human development index (H-HDI) countries in terms of the patients and disease characteristics. In view of this, prevention and treatment options should consider this uniqueness to ensure better outcome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Breast Cancer Subtypes Among Nigerian Women and Correlation to the Risk Factors and Clinicopathological Characteristics

et al. 2020

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“… 24 , 26 , 27 Similar to our study, other investigations have shown comparable differences in mortality between genders as well. 28 One ecological worldwide study in particular demonstrated that the mortality rate in females was 2.5 times higher than males and corroborated the female gender as a risk factor for thyroid cancer. 28 , 29 However, it is important to note that these studies assessed thyroid cancer in general rather than specifically analyzing mortality rates among gender stratified by tumor grade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

<p>Analysis of Race and Gender Disparities in Incidence-Based Mortality in Patients Diagnosed with Thyroid Cancer from 2000 to 2016</p>

Patel¹,

Pappoppula²,

Guddati³

et al. 2020

IJGM

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Background Well-differentiated thyroid cancer has better outcomes compared to undifferentiated/anaplastic thyroid cancer. The incidence of well-differentiated thyroid cancer is known to be more in women whereas it is approximately the same in both genders for anaplastic thyroid cancer. The variability of incidence-based mortality across gender in the context of race has not been studied. This study analyzes the rates of incidence-based mortality from the years 2000 to 2016 amongst both the genders in four racial groups. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was utilized to conduct a nation-wide analysis for the years 2000 to 2016. Incidence-based mortality for all stages of well-differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cancer was queried and the results were grouped by race (Caucasian/White, African American/Black, American Indian/Alaskan Native and Asian/Pacific Islander) and gender. All stages and ages were included in the analysis. Two sample t -test was used to determine statistically significant difference between various subgroups. Results Incidence-based mortality rates (per 100,000) for well-differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cancer for all races and both the genders were calculated. The incidence-based mortality rates for both genders are approximately the same despite a 2–3:1 difference in incidence. Anaplastic thyroid cancer has a higher mortality rate in Caucasian and Asian/Pacific Islander women compared to men despite an equal ratio in incidence. As expected, the mortality rates of anaplastic thyroid cancer were significantly higher compared to well-differentiated cancer across all races and genders. Also, Asian/Pacific Islander women have a higher rate of mortality compared to both the genders of Caucasian and African American races. Conclusion Incidence-based mortality for anaplastic thyroid cancer is higher in women in all races whereas there is no difference in mortality between men and women for well-differentiated thyroid cancer. This is divergent from the incidence ratios noted in these malignancies. In the context of increasing incidence of thyroid cancer for the past few decades, this data suggests that additional resources may be devoted to decreasing the disparity of mortality in this gender.

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“…24,26,27 Similar to our study, other investigations have shown comparable differences in mortality between genders as well. 28 One ecological worldwide study in particular demonstrated that the mortality rate in females was 2.5 times higher than males and corroborated the female gender as a risk factor for thyroid cancer. 28,29 However, it is important to note that these studies assessed thyroid cancer in general rather than specifically analyzing mortality rates among gender stratified by tumor grade.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Analysis of race and gender disparities in incidence-based mortality in patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer from 2000 to 2014.

Cintron-Garcia

Pappoppula

Shahbandi

et al. 2020

JCO

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e18570 Background: Well-differentiated thyroid cancer has better outcomes compared to anaplastic thyroid cancer. The incidence of well-differentiated thyroid cancer is higher in women whereas it is approximately the same in both genders for anaplastic thyroid cancer. The variability of incidence-based mortality across gender in the context of race has not been studied. This study analyzes the rates of incidence-based mortality among both the genders in four racial groups. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database was queried to conduct a nation-wide analysis for the years 2000 to 2016. Incidence-based mortality for all stages of well-differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cancer was queried and the results were grouped by race (Caucasian/White, African American/Black, American Indian/Alaskan native and Asian/Pacific Islander) and gender. All stages and ages were included in the analysis. T-test was used to determine statistically significant difference between various subgroups. Results: Incidence-based mortality rates (per 100000) for well-differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cancer for all races and both the genders are shown in the table below. The incidence-based mortality rates for both genders is approximately the same despite a 2-3:1 difference in incidence. Anaplastic thyroid cancer has a higher mortality rate in Caucasian and Asian/pacific Islander women compared to men despite an equal ratio of incidence. As expected, the mortality rates of anaplastic thyroid cancer were significantly higher compared to well-differentiated cancer across all races and genders. Also, Asian/Pacific Islander women have a higher rate of mortality compared to both the genders of Caucasian and African American races. Conclusions: Incidence-based mortality for anaplastic thyroid cancer is higher in women in all races whereas there is no difference in mortality between men and women for well-differentiated thyroid cancer. This is divergent from the incidence ratios noted in these malignancies. In the context of increasing incidence of thyroid cancer for the past few decades, this data suggests that additional resources may be devoted to decreasing the disparity of mortality in this gender. [Table: see text]

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The Relationship Between Human Development Index and Its Components with Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Mortality: Using the Decomposition Approach

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Distribution of Breast Cancer Subtypes Among Nigerian Women and Correlation to the Risk Factors and Clinicopathological Characteristics

Distribution of Breast Cancer Subtypes Among Nigerian Women and Correlation to the Risk Factors and Clinicopathological Characteristics

<p>Analysis of Race and Gender Disparities in Incidence-Based Mortality in Patients Diagnosed with Thyroid Cancer from 2000 to 2016</p>

Analysis of race and gender disparities in incidence-based mortality in patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer from 2000 to 2014.

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