The relationship between HIV infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among women attending two family planning clinics in Nairobi, Kenya

Squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix, invasive cervical carcinoma, and immunosuppression induced by human immunodeficiency virus in africa

“…15,16 We did not detect an association of these lesions with HIV-2 infection, as has been noted for Senegalese prostitutes, 17,24 possibly because there was an insufficient number of HIV-2-infected patients in our study (42 women). Our cross-sectional study design did not allow for determination of whether HIV-infected women were more susceptible to SIL or whether having SIL enhanced the transmission of HIV, 12 although the former seemed more likely.…”

Squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix, invasive cervical carcinoma, and immunosuppression induced by human immunodeficiency virus in africa

“…In Kenya, the prevalence of SILs among 4058 women attending family planning clinics was 2%, and 5% of these women were infected with HIV. 16 The population studied in Kenya (healthy women) was very different from our population (women with gynecologic disorders), which could explain in part the differences in the prevalence of HIV and SILs. The current concept in the field of cervical dysplasia, 22 introduced with the Bethesda System, separates LSILs, which are manifestations of productive HPV infection and serve as markers for women who are at risk of developing de novo high grade lesions, from HSILs, which are truly precancerous lesions, justifying a separate analysis of their risk factors.…”

“…Risk factors for cervical carcinoma occurring among women in developing countries, particularly in Africa, are poorly understood. 8 Studies have pointed out the relation between precancerous cervical lesions, namely, squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection worldwide, 9 -14 including in Africa, [15][16][17] where the majority of the women infected with HIV live. 18 This association between SILs and HIV infection has led the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to introduce invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) as part of the definition of AIDS in the U.S., 19 even though the exact relation between the invasive stage of cervical carcinoma and HIV remains uncertain.…”

Cervical cancer screening among female undergraduates and staff in the Niger delta region of Nigeria

“…The good news is that HPV vaccines are now available, which gives new promise for a primary prevention strategy of HPV infection and cancer, however the vaccines only protect against 70% of the disease and are only effective on those who have not been exposed to HPV virus. Various screening techniques have been developed and among those employed are: Pap smear test, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and HPV DNA test [7][8][9][10].…”