The relationship between heartbeat counting and heartbeat discrimination: A meta-analysis

Hickman, Lydia; Seyedsalehi, Aida; Cook, Jennifer; Bird, Geoffrey; Murphy, Jennifer

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107949

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…In previous studies, the correlation between heartbeat counting and heartbeat discrimination tasks has been controversial; some researchers have reported positive correlations (Garfinkel et al , 2015; Garfinkel et al , 2016; Kandasamy et al , 2016; Rae et al , 2019), whereas others have reported no correlation (Forkmann et al , 2016; Ring and Brener, 2018; Herman et al , 2019). An integrative review of these studies suggests a weak correlation of 0.20 (Hickman et al , 2020), which is close to that of the present study. Contrary to the previous studies, we devised two new heartbeat discrimination indices ( A and σ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Interoceptive sensitivity modulates heart rate and insula activity when listening to music

Maekawa¹,

Sasaoka²,

Inui

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Interoception plays an important role in emotion processing, but the relationship between the physiological responses associated with emotional experience and interoception is unclear. In this study, we measured interoceptive sensitivity using the heartbeat discrimination task and investigated the effects of individual differences in interoceptive sensitivity on changes in heart rate and insula activity in response to music-induced emotions. We found that the heart rate increased when listening to the music pieces rated as emotionally high-touching in the high interoceptive sensitivity group only. Compared to the emotionally low-touching music, listening to the emotionally high-touching music was associated with higher insula activity. Furthermore, relative to individuals with low interoceptive sensitivity, the region of interest analysis of the insula subregions for individuals with high interoceptive sensitivity revealed significant activity in the bilateral dorsal granular insula, the right ventral dysgranular insula, and the right granular and dorsal dysgranular insula while listening to the high-touching music pieces. Our results suggest that individuals with high interoceptive sensitivity use their physical condition to assess their emotional level when listening to music. Furthermore, the insula activity may reflect the use of interoception to estimate emotions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Interoceptive sensitivity modulates heart rate and insula activity when listening to music

Maekawa¹,

Sasaoka²,

Inui

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Validity issues with the HCT are also apparent when considering that HCT performance is associated with heart rate estimation strategies (Desmedt et al, 2020) and physiological variables (e.g., heart rate; Rouse, Jones, & Jones, 1988;Zamariola et al, 2018). As a further significant concern, a recent meta-analysis showed that HCT performance is weakly associated (r = 0.21, p < .001, R 2 = 4.4 %) with another common measure of cardiac IAcc (i.e., the Heartbeat Discrimination Task; Hickman, Seyedsalehi, Cook, Bird, & Murphy, 2020). Finally, scores on this task vary in test-retest (< 6 months) reliability (r = ∼0.41 to 0.81; Murphy et al, 2019).…”

Section: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis On The Association Between Heartbeat Countingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Association Between Heartbeat Counting Task Performance and Mental Disorders and Their Risk Factors Among Adults

Desmedt¹,

Houte²,

Walentynowicz³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Interoceptive accuracy is thought to play a key role in mental health. However, the validity of its most frequently used measure (i.e., the Heartbeat Counting Task; HCT) has been questioned. This calls for a meta-analytic examination of associations between HCT performance and mental health. To this end, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on associations between HCT performance and mental disorders, symptoms, and their risk factors among adult participants. The final data set comprised 133 studies with 11 524 participants. The quality assessment indicates that research practice should be improved as, e.g., only a few studies reported sample size justification (6%), pre-registration (0.8%), and data in free access (6.8%). HCT performance was not significantly associated with trait measures of anxiety (r = 0.03), depression (r = -0.04), and alexithymia (r = -0.01). It was weakly and negatively associated with age (r = -0.11) after correction for publication bias, sex (male > female; r = -0.14), heart rate (r = -0.17), and body mass index (r = -0.11). That theoretically assumed associations between interoceptive accuracy and mental health indicators are not meta-analytically found raises further doubts about the validity, and even the very pragmatic value, of the HCT.

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“…These are better measured with the discrimination paradigm. Interestingly, studies applying this method revealed similar results (see, e.g., Wiens et al, 2000) as the ones with the Schandry task, despite their differences (Hickman et al, 2020). To get a clear picture, the further investigation of the subject including both heartbeat perception paradigms would be worthy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The debate about the validity of the heartbeat perception tasks if far from reaching a conclusion, both the Schandry task (see, e.g., Ainley et al, 2020;Corneille et al, 2020;Flynn & Clemens, 1988;Montgomery & Jones, 1984;Ring & Brener, 1996;Zamariola et al, 2018;Zimprich et al, 2020) and the discrimination tasks (see, e.g., Carroll, 1977;Couto et al, 2015;Pennebaker & Hoover, 1984) have been criticised extensively. It is also worth to mention that a recent meta-analysis questions the interchangeability of the two paradigms (i.e., tracking and discrimination, see, Hickman et al, 2020). In the following, we are going to focus only on studies that apply the mental tracking task, as these represent the majority of the related studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental heartbeat tracking and rating of emotional pictures are not related

Ferentzi

Vig

Lindkjølen

et al. 2021

Psychological Research

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Our aim was to conceptually replicate the findings of previous empirical studies showing that people with higher cardiac interoceptive accuracy experience more intense emotions. Apart of the mental heartbeat tracking task of Schandry, Hungarian (n = 46, 76.0% female, mean age 22.28 ± 2.228) and Norwegian (n = 50, 60.0% female, mean age 24.66 ± 3.048) participants rated the arousal and valence evoked by positive, neutral and negative pictures. Multivariate repeated analysis of variance (applying both frequentist and Bayesian approaches) did not reveal any connection between heartbeat perception scores and the subjective ratings (i.e., arousal and valence) of the pictures in any of the two groups. The lack of the expected association between cardioceptive accuracy and arousal might partly be explained by the methodological differences between previous studies and this one; for example, we did not split or preselected the sample based on the performance on the Schandry task and applied a relatively strict instruction (i.e., by encouraging to count felt heartbeats only, and to report zero if no sensations were detected).

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The relationship between heartbeat counting and heartbeat discrimination: A meta-analysis

Cited by 48 publications

References 83 publications

Interoceptive sensitivity modulates heart rate and insula activity when listening to music

Interoceptive sensitivity modulates heart rate and insula activity when listening to music

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Association Between Heartbeat Counting Task Performance and Mental Disorders and Their Risk Factors Among Adults

Mental heartbeat tracking and rating of emotional pictures are not related

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