The Relationship Between First Presentation and Subsequent Observations in Heavy Calculus Formers

Blank, Lawrence W.; Rule, James T.; Colangelo, Gary A.; Copelan, Nancy S.; Perlich, Malcolm A.

doi:10.1902/jop.1994.65.8.750

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, patients who are on maintenance programs should already have smooth roots because detectable deposits of subgingival calculus should have been removed during the scaling and root planing sessions performed during the initial periodontal therapy. Although supragingival calculus can form quite rapidly after scaling and root planing if a patient's plaque control is not perfect , formation of subgingival deposits is a very slow process . Indeed, the detection of black or brown hardened subgingival calculus at a maintenance visit probably means that the deposit had been missed at a previous scaling and root planing session (Fig.…”

Section: Procedures Performed During the Periodontal Maintenance Thermentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐treatment supportive care for the natural dentition and dental implants

Armitage¹,

Xenoudi²

2016

Periodontology 2000

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Long-term successful treatment of chronic periodontitis requires placement of patients on post-treatment recall programs known as either periodontal maintenance therapy or supportive periodontal therapy. Selection of the recall intervals must be based on the specific needs of individual patients. A single recall interval (e.g. 6 months) is not suitable for all patients. The main purpose of these programs is to prevent the recurrence of periodontitis. The components of every periodontal maintenance therapy program include: review of medical/dental histories; complete oral examination with an emphasis on the detection of gingival inflammation; establishing whether the maintenance program is working by monitoring clinical attachment levels; evaluation of oral hygiene; and full-mouth supragingival and subgingival debridement (i.e. biofilm removal). Long-term post-insertion care for dental implants also requires a similar patient-specific recall program of supportive implant therapy. The main purposes of a supportive implant therapy program are to maintain a healthy peri-implant mucosa and thereby prevent the development of peri-implantitis. In cases in which plaque-induced peri-implant mucositis has occurred, a well-designed supportive implant therapy program can help return the mucosa to a healthy state. At the current time there is no consensus on the optimal interventions for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis. However, all effective supportive implant therapy programs emphasize meticulous oral hygiene practices, careful peri-implant examination, thoughtful analysis of risk factors and periodic removal of microbial deposits from the implants.

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Section: Procedures Performed During the Periodontal Maintenance Thermentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐treatment supportive care for the natural dentition and dental implants

Armitage¹,

Xenoudi²

2016

Periodontology 2000

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“…Regardless of scoring indices used, it is clear that calculus levels observed within populations are affected by numerous variables. These include, for example, subject age (36-42, 43-44) gender (38,42,44), ethnic background and diet (1, 36,38,[45][46][47], oral hygiene {43-44,48-50), access to (and time since) last professional cleaning (42,(43)(44)(48)(49)(50) the presence of mental or physical handicaps (51), diabetes (52) and use of commonly prescribed medications (53)(54).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Calculusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental calculus: recent insights into occurrence, formation, prevention, removal and oral health effects of supragingival and subgingival deposits

White

1997

European J Oral Sciences

259

219

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Dental calculus, both supra- and subgingival occurs in the majority of adults worldwide. Dental calculus is calcified dental plaque, composed primarily of calcium phosphate mineral salts deposited between and within remnants of formerly viable microorganisms. A viable dental plaque covers mineralized calculus deposits. Levels of calculus and location of formation are population specific and are affected by oral hygiene habits, access to professional care, diet, age, ethnic origin, time since last dental cleaning, systemic disease and the use of prescription medications. In populations that practice regular oral hygiene and with access to regular professional care, supragingival dental calculus formation is restricted to tooth surfaces adjacent to the salivary ducts. Levels of supragingival calculus in these populations is minor and the calculus has little if any impact on oral-health. Subgingival calculus formation in these populations occurs coincident with periodontal disease (although the calculus itself appears to have little impact on attachment loss), the latter being correlated with dental plaque. In populations that do not practice regular hygiene and that do not have access to professional care, supragingival calculus occurs throughout the dentition and the extent of calculus formation can be extreme. In these populations, supragingival calculus is associated with the promotion of gingival recession. Subgingival calculus, in "low hygiene" populations, is extensive and is directly correlated with enhanced periodontal attachment loss. Despite extensive research, a complete understanding of the etiologic significance of subgingival calculus to periodontal disease remains elusive, due to inability to clearly differentiate effects of calculus versus "plaque on calculus". As a result, we are not entirely sure whether subgingival calculus is the cause or result of periodontal inflammation. Research suggests that subgingival calculus, at a minimum, may expand the radius of plaque induced periodontal injury. Removal of subgingival plaque and calculus remains the cornerstone of periodontal therapy. Calculus formation is the result of petrification of dental plaque biofilm, with mineral ions provided by bathing saliva or crevicular fluids. Supragingival calculus formation can be controlled by chemical mineralization inhibitors, applied in toothpastes or mouthrinses. These agents act to delay plaque calcification, keeping deposits in an amorphous non-hardened state to facilitate removal with regular hygiene. Clinical efficacy for these agents is typically assessed as the reduction in tartar area coverage on the teeth between dental cleaning. Research shows that topically applied mineralization inhibitors can also influence adhesion and hardness of calculus deposits on the tooth surface, facilitating removal. Future research in calculus may include the development of improved supragingival tartar control formulations, the development of treatments for the prevention of subgingival calculus formation, the development ...

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“…The mass of S. mutans presented a calcium concentration of 63 ± 11 mmol/kg, compared with 145 ± 61 mmol/kg in B. matruchotii. Calcifications were observed in some S. mutans cells [12]. Therefore, although S. mutans does have a capacity for calcification, it is much less than other microorganisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…An individual could not be classified as a rapid former simply because she/he presented a large amount of calculus at a single moment, as this could be the outcome of accumulation over many years with no prophylaxis, rather than constituting a case of rapid formation. However, over 8 weeks, a rapid-forming subject may accumulate a Volpe-Manhold index score of over 7, as there are wide variations between individuals [12]. The Volpe-Manhold index is a method to quantify calculus formation measurements on lingual surfaces of anterior lower teeth using a periodontal probe [13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Predisposing Factors for Rapid Dental Calculus Formation

Fons-Badal

Fons-Font

Labaig-Rueda

et al. 2020

JCM

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Background: Calculus accumulation varies widely between individuals. Dental calculus has been associated with the principal periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze individual characteristics, and salivary and microbiological parameters among patients considered to be rapid calculus formers and patients who form calculus slowly. Methods: Individual characteristics were recorded in a sample of 74 patients (age, sex, smoking, periodontal diagnosis, and dental crowding), as well as salivary parameters (unstimulated saliva flow, pH, and biochemical analysis of saliva) and microbiological parameters (by means of semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis). Results: A statistically significant association (p = 0.002) was found between the rate of calculus formation and the diagnosis of periodontal disease. A greater presence of dental crowding was observed among the group of rapid calculus formers. Urea and phosphorus levels were higher among rapid calculus formers. Regarding microbiological parameters, differences were found in Streptococcus mutans, this being higher in the group of slow formers. Conclusions: Rapid calculus formation appears to be linked to patients diagnosed with more severe periodontal diseases. Rapid calculus-forming patients present more dental crowding and a lower proportion of S. mutans.

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The Relationship Between First Presentation and Subsequent Observations in Heavy Calculus Formers

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Post‐treatment supportive care for the natural dentition and dental implants

Post‐treatment supportive care for the natural dentition and dental implants

Dental calculus: recent insights into occurrence, formation, prevention, removal and oral health effects of supragingival and subgingival deposits

Analysis of Predisposing Factors for Rapid Dental Calculus Formation

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