“…Given changing demographic conditions in European countries and the push for increased labour market participation, such policies are often seen as a (partial) solution to solving labour market participation problems (Mara Yerkes, 2006). Critical analysis raises questions relating to efficacy, awareness and take-up (Knijn & Smit, 2007;Warren, 2004) -particularly the gendered nature of much employment and social policy (Crompton, 2006;Peper et al, 2005;Mara Yerkes, 2007). While research at the organisational level shows the significant effect employer policies can have on work-life balance (den Dulk, 2001;Peper et al, 2005), and specifically that of women Mara Yerkes et al, 2006), analyses of government policy, with the exception of Scandinavia, are often less optimistic (Carmichael et al, 2008;Hantrais & Ackers, 2005;Leitner & Wroblewski, 2006;MacInnes, 2006).…”