The Relationship between Exogenous Growth Inhibitors and Endogenous Levels of Ethylene, and Tuberization of Dahlias

Biran, Iftah; Gur, Itzhak; Halevy, A. H.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1972.tb03605.x

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Thus high soil N levels and gibberellin, which promote shoot growth, tend to reduce tuber growth, while treatments which inhibit or reduce shoot growth, such as treatment with chlorocholine chloride, promote growth of the tubers. Biran et al (1) proposed that short days promote the formation of tuberous roots in dahlia through inhibition of top growth and consequent diversion of assimilates to the root. The implication of their hypothesis is that daylength controls tuberization only if an alternate "sink" is present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoot, Stolon, and Tuber Formation on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cuttings in Response to Photoperiod

Ewing¹,

Wareing²

1978

Plant Physiol.

115

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The intensity of "tuberization stimulus" in potato shoots (Solanum tuberosum L.) can be assessed from cuttings containing one or more leaves. Cuttings maintained in a mist chamber under long days wil form tubers from underground buds If prior to taking the cutting the leaves received sufficient exposure to photoperiods less than the critical photoperiod. The greatest tendency to tuberize was found in cuttings that consisted of a single, fully expanded leaf and its subtended bud. Grafts showed that genetical differences in critical photoperiod resided in properties of the leaf. Short days before cutking tended to shift growth from above ground buds of two-node cuttings to below ground buds, even if the number of short days was insufficient for tuber induction. As few as 6 short days reduced growth of shoots at the upper bud and increased underground growth of shoots and stolons.however, and this trait can be accentuated by breeding (9, 21). In addition to short days, the tuberization stimulus is favored by cool temperatures (3, 11,22,24), by low rather than high rates of N fertilization (24), and by "physiologically old" mother tubers (15,18).Grafting experiments (5, 10), especially the demonstration that even a small piece of stem from an induced plant is capable of transmitting the tuberization stimulus (14), suggest that the stimulus is hormonal in nature. The exact identity of the hormone(s), although extensively investigated, has yet to be established.In this paper we report on the relationships between the exposure of potato foliage to particular photoperiods, the genetically determined CPP, and the levels of tuberization stimulus as reflected by tuberization of cuttings. We show that the CPP characteristic of a given clone is a function of properties of the leaf, not of the underground growing point; and we present evidence that short days shift growth from above ground to below ground buds, even if the number of short days is insufficient for tuber induction. Although potato tubers ordinarily form on underground stolons, every axillary bud on a potato stem has the potential to develop a tuber. Nearly a century ago, Vochting (23) demonstrated that sessile tubers developed at the covered nodes when cut pieces of stem were inserted into soil. He also showed that tuber formation was promoted by darkness and moisture. Recent evidence (16,17) suggests that elevated CO2 levels may also favor tuberization at below ground rather than above ground buds. However, tubers do not always develop even from underground buds of cuttings. As with whole plants, tuberization of cuttings is apparently controlled by an unknown "tuberization stimulus" (5,10,19 MATERIALS AND METHODS Clones. Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L., Group Andigena) clones used in this study were obtained through the Cornell University program to select from an Andigena population lines that have Tuberosum-like characteristics (6). Andigena accessions were screened to obtain three clones with CPP of approximately 12 to 13 hr. Populations of "Neo-Tuber...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoot, Stolon, and Tuber Formation on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cuttings in Response to Photoperiod

Ewing¹,

Wareing²

1978

Plant Physiol.

115

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“…Garcia-Torres and Gomez-Campo (6) reported an increase in the number of tubers per plant at harvest in response to Ethephon' solutions applied to the soil. Biran et al (2) (14) showed that Ethephon did not promote tuber formation in potato stolons cultured in vitro.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene on Tuberization of Isolated Potato Stolons Cultured in Vitro

Mingo-Castel¹,

Negm²,

Smith³

1974

Plant Physiol.

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ABSTRACT(v/v) sodium hypochlorite with 2 drops of Tween 20/100 ml, and rinsed three times with sterile distilled water. Slices 2 mm thick were cut from the top and bottom of the sections and discarded. Three sections were incubated in each 125-ml long neck Erlenmeyer flask containing 50 ml of medium 1 which had been autoclaved at 120 C, or 15 p.s.i. of pressure for 20 min. Flasks were capped with stainless steel closures and incubated in the dark at 25 C for 10 to 14 days. Stolons which had grown from the axillary buds were cut to a uniform length of 3 cm and transferred to 125-ml long neck Erlenmeyer flasks (one/flask) containing 50 ml of medium 2.When used, 5 mg/l kinetin (Sigma Chemical Co.) was autoclaved with the medium. During the two-step transfer, stolons were not exposed to more than 2 hr of light. To study the effect of C4H or CO2 or both on tuberization, flasks were sealed with inverted rubber serum caps and gas traps were utilized when necessary. The addition of C,H4 and CO,, and the analysis of the actual concentration of the gases in each flask were conducted as previously reported (11). Gases

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“…In dahlia it has been shown that there are changes in endogenous levels of ethylene which correlate with tuberization (Biran et al 1972); however, this has not been reported in potato. Indole-3-acetic acid (JAA) has been shown to increase in the leaves of potato plants when the roots were exposed to high levels of CO 2 in order to induce the tuberization process (Arteca et al 1980), and it has since been suggested that JAA may play an important role in the tuberization process (Melis and van Staden 1984).…”

Section: Other Plant Growth Substancesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Plant Growth Substances

Arteca¹

1996

167

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The Relationship between Exogenous Growth Inhibitors and Endogenous Levels of Ethylene, and Tuberization of Dahlias

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

Shoot, Stolon, and Tuber Formation on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cuttings in Response to Photoperiod

Shoot, Stolon, and Tuber Formation on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cuttings in Response to Photoperiod

Effect of Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene on Tuberization of Isolated Potato Stolons Cultured in Vitro

Plant Growth Substances

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