“…There is considerable variability regarding the extent to which RES messages may protect adolescents of color from engagement in risk behaviors. These buffering effects may depend on a host of factors, including parent-child relationship quality (Grindal & Nieri, 2016), gender, level of acculturation (Cooper & McLoyd, 2011), and relative frequencies of certain types of RES messages (Choi, Tan, Yasui, & Pekelnicky, 2014). For example, alerting youth to racial biases, discrimination, and racial barriers may be maladaptive to adolescent selfesteem and behavioral outcomes (Elmore & Gaylord-Harden, 2012), likely if these messages are not balanced with those that promote cultural pride (Davis, Smith Bynum, Saleem, Francois, & Lambert, 2017;Harris-Britt, Valrie, Kurtz-Costes, & Rowley, 2007;Neblett, Smalls, Ford, Nguyên, & Sellers, 2009), or if they are delivered in the absence of other strategies for coping with these stressors (e.g., Harris-Britt et al, 2007;Neblett et al, 2009).…”