The Relationship Between Decentering and Adaptiveness of Response Styles in Reducing Depression

Ishikawa, Haruyuki; Mieda, Takahiro; Oshio, Atsushi; Koshikawa, Fusako

doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0797-8

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In such cases, switching attention would be characterized by avoidance behavior. The distraction to avoid aversive objects or thoughts is associated with low levels of quality of life (Wolgast & Lundh, 2017) and high levels of depression (Ishikawa et al, 2018). Distraction of self-focused attention in situations which require reflection is considered to lead to the postponement of coping with problems, thereby increasing the difficulty of the situation and depression and reducing self-esteem and self-efficacy (van Eerde, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Reported Attention Control Skills Moderate the Effect of Self-Focused Attention on Depression

Ishikawa

Koshikawa

2021

Sage Open

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This study aimed to examine whether attention control skills (selective, switching, and divided attention) moderate the influence of self-preoccupation (the tendency to maintain self-focused attention) on depression. We conducted a cross-sectional survey at a Japanese university. A total of 283 undergraduate and graduate students answered Preoccupation Scale (measuring self-preoccupation), Voluntary Attention Control Scale (measuring self-reported attention control skills), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (the standardized measurement of depression), and we analyzed 267 questionnaires (101 men and 166 women). No cut-off points were set for screening individuals depression score. The results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis were as follows: Higher skills of switching attention were associated with higher depression scores when combined with greater self-preoccupation tendencies. In contrast, higher levels of divided attention skill were associated with lower depression levels when combined with greater self-preoccupation. This study is the first to provide an overview of the protective role of divided attention skill against depression among individuals with high self-preoccupation. We conclude this article by showing that the interventions aiming to increase the divided attention skill rather than switching skill are expected to be effective in decreasing depressive symptoms and discussing the study’s limitations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Reported Attention Control Skills Moderate the Effect of Self-Focused Attention on Depression

Ishikawa

Koshikawa

2021

Sage Open

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“…Certain types of meditation, such as mindfulness meditation, actively focus the practitioner’s attention on breathing [ 12 , 13 ]. Mindfulness is the practice of being aware of one’s body’s sensation, thoughts, and feelings in the present moment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of the orbitofrontal cortex by both meditation and exercise: A near-infrared spectroscopy study

et al. 2021

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In some types of meditation, such as mindfulness and Zen, breathing is the focus of attention, whereas during an excessive, short-period of anaerobic exercise, the muscles become the focus of attention. Thus, during both efforts, one’s attention is focused on a certain feature of the body. Both meditation and exercise generally provide mental refreshment to humans. We hypothesized that the same brain regions are activated by both efforts in humans. To examine this hypothesis, we engaged participants in 3 tasks: meditation, exercise, and a control task. After each task, the participants underwent a 2-back test to concentrate their thoughts, while changes in their blood hemoglobin levels were simultaneously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Seventeen participants (20–24 years of age; 11 men, 6 women) were enrolled. We applied a fast-Fourier transform (FFT) analysis to the NIRS wave data and calculated the correlation coefficients of the FFT data between (1) meditation and control, (2) exercise and control, and (3) meditation and exercise, at the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), brain areas that are generally involved in mental refreshment. A significant difference in the correlation coefficients between the OFC and DLPFC was detected in the meditation and exercise analysis, and signal source analysis confirmed that the NIRS waves spread from the right and left OFC edges (i.e., right and left temples) toward the center. Our results suggest that both meditation and exercise activate the OFC, which is involved in emotional reactions and motivation behavior, resulting in mental refreshment.

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“…It is possible that practice allows for reflection or problem solving, rather than 'brooding' over negative emotion (Treynor et al 2003). Indeed, research suggests that focusing one's attention (on a concern) while keeping a distance from thoughts or feelings influences the adaptiveness of the CERS (Ishikawa et al, 2017). Mindfulness may also facilitate greater executive functioning allowing an individual to think more flexibly (Taren et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concomitant effects of Mindfulness: The Mindfulness Strategies and Difficulties Questionnaire

O’Driscoll¹,

bhansali²,

Bell³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Objective: Mindfulness involves a range of cognitive and affective processes. Most research has investigated the 'intended' and beneficial processes. The cognitive-emotional regulatory strategies (CERS) and difficulties encountered during mindfulness practice were investigated in order to establish a questionnaire to evaluate concomitant processes that individuals may engage in during mindfulness. Method: Participants (n=402) completed a survey to measure the frequency of CERS use and difficulties experienced during mindfulness. Items and factor structure were evaluated using multidimensional item response theory. Reliability and validity indices were also investigated. Differences in mindfulness practice across socio-demographic groups, levels of experience were also reported. Results: A 3 factor, 22 item mindfulness strategies and difficulties questionnaire (MSDQ) appears to be reliable and valid in assessing CERS and difficulties experienced during mindfulness practice. The factors were predictive of wellbeing and difficulties of mindfulness success. Level of experience and frequency of practice influenced strategy use and difficulties experienced. Discussion: The study validated the measurement of associated CERS and difficulties in a diverse sample of individuals who practice mindfulness. Results highlighted associated processes which individuals engage in during mindfulness while also emphasizing the context dependence of CERS use.

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The Relationship Between Decentering and Adaptiveness of Response Styles in Reducing Depression

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Self-Reported Attention Control Skills Moderate the Effect of Self-Focused Attention on Depression

Self-Reported Attention Control Skills Moderate the Effect of Self-Focused Attention on Depression

Activation of the orbitofrontal cortex by both meditation and exercise: A near-infrared spectroscopy study

Concomitant effects of Mindfulness: The Mindfulness Strategies and Difficulties Questionnaire

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