The relationship between crude oil exports, crude oil prices and military expenditures in some OPEC countries

Bakırtaş, Tahsin; Akpolat, Ahmet Gökçe

doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101659

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It is a reasonable belief that any decline in all financial components of Malaysia during low oil rents is an affiliate to the initial budget figure. This similar scenario was observed across other oil-exporting countries, whereby the fall in oil rents led to a decline in government budget expenditure (Nazari, Asadi, & Imanian, 2019;Bakirtas & Akpolat, 2020).…”

Section: Literature Reviewsupporting

confidence: 62%

Landscape Discussion of Oil Rents and Primary Government Expenditure Budget

Zakaria¹,

Musa²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2022

ipnj

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Purpose: This study compares Malaysia’s oil rent dynamics and primary government approved budget (PGEB) with other major oil-exporting countries. This study reviews the annual time series data from 2005 to 2020 of oil rents and PGEB. Methodology: The outcomes derived from meta-analysis approach are presented in graphical comparisons of oil rents and PGEB of Malaysia with other oil exporters. A horizontal comparison was also carried out. Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Kazakhstan, Brazil, and the Russian Federation were selected as relevant oil exporters. Findings: Referring to the historical graphical presentation, the oil market fluctuations were linearly aligned to the budget figure among oil exporters. The study results portray historical connections between oil rents and PGEB in the context of Malaysia and other oil exporters, which may be beneficial to policymakers and practitioners in their decision-making process. Practical Implications: The findings that display the historical connections of Malaysian oil rents and PGEB with other oil exporters serve as a guideline to policymakers and practitioners. Originality/Value: In addition to the Malaysian setting, the scenario of other oil exporters amplifies the dynamics of oil rents on PGEB formulation. Keywords: Oil rents, primary government, approved budget, crude oil, Malaysian economy.

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Section: Literature Reviewsupporting

confidence: 62%

Landscape Discussion of Oil Rents and Primary Government Expenditure Budget

Zakaria¹,

Musa²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2022

ipnj

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“…In the context of an authoritarian state, the legitimacy gap may be closed by showcasing unity and military strength against an enemy; thus, falling oil revenues might feed the turning wheels of a diversionary war to increase legitimacy. Consistent with this argumentation, Al-Mawali (2015) and Bakırtaş and Akpolat (2020) show that oil income and prices drive up military expenditure in the region. Most recently, Erdoğan et al (2020) and Caporin et al (2020) emphasise that volatility may play a role too; we envision that the perception of an oil market that is more volatile and prone to generate losses may trigger a similar role in losing legitimacy.…”

Section: Oil Price Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Various empirical contributions, most notably the works by Colgan (2010Colgan ( , 2013Colgan ( , 2014, have emphasised that oil producers may be more prone to (initiate) conflict. Recent studies have started investigating the role of price volatility in this (Bakırtaş & Akpolat, 2020;Caporin et al, 2020;Erdoğan et al, 2020;Hendrix, 2017). Scholars have also picked up these threads to analyse the potential impacts of and barriers to climate change mitigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Drives Saudi Airstrikes in Yemen? An Empirical Analysis of the Dynamics of Coalition Airstrikes, Houthi Attacks, and the Oil Market

Ansari

Leon²,

Schlüter³

2021

SSRN Journal

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“…1. Systematising the potential negative impacts from the external environment will allow for a more accurate understanding of what digital tools may be needed to improve the creditworthiness of the enterprise (Bakirtas & Akpolat, 2020). In general, entrepreneurs are willing to implement the simplest digital tools.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Digital Tools to Increase the Competitiveness of Small Businesses (Experience of Full-Service Bakeries)

2023

Futurity of Social Sciences

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Small businesses play an extremely important role in the economies of modern developed countries, and today only those companies that are able to respond quickly to the demands of the external environment and use available resources rationally can remain competitive. The use of digital technologies can contribute to solving the issue of rational use of resources and rapid adaptation to the external environment. The purpose of the study is to identify potential opportunities for using digital tools to increase the competitiveness of small businesses with a focus on full-service bakeries. To achieve this goal, efforts should be focused on achieving the following objectives: to define the essence and importance of small business for the economy; to outline the possibilities of introducing digital tools in the development of small business; to specify the prospects for using digital tools to increase the competitiveness of full-service bakeries. As a result of the study, the importance and role of small business for the economy is determined. It is proved that full-cycle bakeries, as representatives of small businesses, have ample opportunities to use various digital tools to improve their operations and increase their competitiveness in the long term. The study also specifies the tasks that can be solved by digital tools, provided that they are implemented in the activities of bakeries, indicating the specifics of using certain tools. In addition, the prospects and possibilities of using specific digital tools for full-cycle bakeries are determined. It is substantiated that for full-cycle bakeries today there is a significant number of digital tools that can be implemented to improve the production process, to control employees, to optimize the procurement of raw materials and supplies, to improve customer service and to focus on the specific needs and demands of target audiences. Digital tools also help create the preconditions for scaling up the business and promoting it both domestically and internationally.

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The relationship between crude oil exports, crude oil prices and military expenditures in some OPEC countries

Cited by 27 publications

References 43 publications

Landscape Discussion of Oil Rents and Primary Government Expenditure Budget

Landscape Discussion of Oil Rents and Primary Government Expenditure Budget

What Drives Saudi Airstrikes in Yemen? An Empirical Analysis of the Dynamics of Coalition Airstrikes, Houthi Attacks, and the Oil Market

Using Digital Tools to Increase the Competitiveness of Small Businesses (Experience of Full-Service Bakeries)

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