The relationship between bioactive components in breast milk and bone mass in infants

Casazza, Krista; Hanks, Lynae J.; Fields, David A.

doi:10.1038/bonekey.2014.72

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Thus, maternal obesity can be considered a predictor for child overweight [ 100 ]. Interestingly, another important factor that influences the gut microbiota composition of infants and affects the risk of obesity is human breast milk (HBM) [ 101 ]. HBM is a complex biological fluid that provides all necessary components, such as carbohydrates (lactose and oligosaccharides), fats, lipoglycans, proteins, enzymes, hormones, and microbes, for the development of the newborn [ 101 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, another important factor that influences the gut microbiota composition of infants and affects the risk of obesity is human breast milk (HBM) [ 101 ]. HBM is a complex biological fluid that provides all necessary components, such as carbohydrates (lactose and oligosaccharides), fats, lipoglycans, proteins, enzymes, hormones, and microbes, for the development of the newborn [ 101 ]. Breast milk is not only considered crucial from a nutritional prospective but it also represents an important vehicle for vertical transmission of bacteria from mother to child [ 102 – 104 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obesity and microbiota: an example of an intricate relationship

et al. 2017

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It is widely accepted that metabolic disorders, such as obesity, are closely linked to lifestyle and diet. Recently, the central role played by the intestinal microbiota in human metabolism and in progression of metabolic disorders has become evident. In this context, animal studies and human trials have demonstrated that alterations of the intestinal microbiota towards enhanced energy harvest is a characteristic of the obese phenotype. Many publications, involving both animal studies and clinical trials, have reported on the successful exploitation of probiotics and prebiotics to treat obesity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these observed anti-obesity effects of probiotics and prebiotic therapies are still obscure. The aim of this mini-review is to discuss the intricate relationship of various factors, including diet, gut microbiota, and host genetics, that are believed to impact on the development of obesity, and to understand how modulation of the gut microbiota with dietary intervention may alleviate obesity-associated symptoms.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and microbiota: an example of an intricate relationship

et al. 2017

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“…Breast milk is known to have numerous bioactive properties ( i.e. , properties above and beyond their nutritive roles) that are associated with infant health and development [ 88 , 89 , 90 ]. Complementary and transitional foods contain bioactive components such as fiber, antioxidants, electrolytes, carotenoids, and flavonoids [ 14 , 91 ].…”

Section: Avocado Dietary Bioactive Components: Playing An Importanmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Avocados in Complementary and Transitional Feeding

et al. 2016

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Infant dietary patterns tend to be insufficient sources of fruits, vegetables, and fiber, as well as excessive in salt, added sugars, and overall energy. Despite the serious long-term health risks associated with suboptimal fruit and vegetable intake, a large percentage of infants and toddlers in the U.S. do not consume any fruits or vegetables on a daily basis. Since not all fruits and vegetables are nutritionally similar, guidance on the optimal selection of fruits and vegetables should emphasize those with the greatest potential for nutrition and health benefits. A challenge is that the most popularly consumed fruits for this age group (i.e., apples, pears, bananas, grapes, strawberries) do not closely fit the current general recommendations since they tend to be overly sweet and/or high in sugar. Unsaturated oil-containing fruits such as avocados are nutritionally unique among fruits in that they are lower in sugar and higher in fiber and monounsaturated fatty acids than most other fruits, and they also have the proper consistency and texture for first foods with a neutral flavor spectrum. Taken together, avocados show promise for helping to meet the dietary needs of infants and toddlers, and should be considered for inclusion in future dietary recommendations for complementary and transitional feeding.

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“…Because the current food environment affords the widespread availability of palatable, energy-dense, and inexpensive foods [ 9 , 10 ], and because there is limited research on the consequences of a “junk food” diet during lactation [ 11 , 12 ], there is a renewed interest in the effects of maternal intake on the properties of breast milk [ 13 ]. The modification of breast milk composition by maternal diet during lactation has the potential to impact infant growth and development [ 5 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Fructose Corn-Syrup-Sweetened Beverage Intake Increases 5-Hour Breast Milk Fructose Concentrations in Lactating Women

et al. 2018

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This study determined the effects of consuming a high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened beverage on breast milk fructose, glucose, and lactose concentrations in lactating women. At six weeks postpartum, lactating mothers (n = 41) were randomized to a crossover study to consume a commercially available HFCS-sweetened beverage or artificially sweetened control beverage. At each session, mothers pumped a complete breast milk expression every hour for six consecutive hours. The baseline fasting concentrations of breast milk fructose, glucose, and lactose were 5.0 ± 1.3 µg/mL, 0.6 ± 0.3 mg/mL, and 6.8 ± 1.6 g/dL, respectively. The changes over time in breast milk sugars were significant only for fructose (treatment × time, p < 0.01). Post hoc comparisons showed the HFCS-sweetened beverage vs. control beverage increased breast milk fructose at 120 min (8.8 ± 2.1 vs. 5.3 ± 1.9 µg/mL), 180 min (9.4 ± 1.9 vs. 5.2 ± 2.2 µg/mL), 240 min (7.8 ± 1.7 vs. 5.1 ± 1.9 µg/mL), and 300 min (6.9 ± 1.4 vs. 4.9 ± 1.9 µg/mL) (all p < 0.05). The mean incremental area under the curve for breast milk fructose was also different between treatments (14.7 ± 1.2 vs. −2.60 ± 1.2 µg/mL × 360 min, p < 0.01). There was no treatment × time interaction for breast milk glucose or lactose. Our data suggest that the consumption of an HFCS-sweetened beverage increased breast milk fructose concentrations, which remained elevated up to five hours post-consumption.

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The relationship between bioactive components in breast milk and bone mass in infants

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Obesity and microbiota: an example of an intricate relationship

Obesity and microbiota: an example of an intricate relationship

The Role of Avocados in Complementary and Transitional Feeding

High-Fructose Corn-Syrup-Sweetened Beverage Intake Increases 5-Hour Breast Milk Fructose Concentrations in Lactating Women

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