The Relationship Between Age and Cognitive Function in HIV-Infected Men

Kissel, Emily C.; Pukay‐Martin, Nicole D.; Bornstein, Robert A.

doi:10.1176/jnp.17.2.180

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The impact of age on neuropsychological performance have been documented in patients with HIV infection [23] , [25] , [29] , [30] , [34] , [35] . In some other studies, patients age was not associated with cognitive performance in patients with HIV infections [1] , [18] , The findings from this present study agreed with the latter studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive functions in newly diagnosed patients with HIV infection in a tertiary health facility: Assessment using community screening interview for dementia

et al. 2017

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IntroductionNeurocognitive dysfunction is a detrimental complication of HIV infection. In this study we attempt to characterize the pattern of cognitive dysfunction in a sample of Nigerian patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study in which 50 patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection were studied along with 50 normal control subjects. The participants were evaluated with the medical history, general, physical and neurological examination. Laboratory evaluation and chest X-Ray were done for all patients. The Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSID) questionnaire was administered to all the study participants.ResultsAbout 70% of the patients were in advanced disease stage. The mean age (SD) of the patients and controls in years were 36.44 ± 8.22 and 35.40 ± 11.53 respectively. More than half (56%) of the patients had secondary level of education (12 years of education). About 20% of the patients had severe neurocognitive impairment while 48% had minor neurocognitive disorder. The patients with HIV infection performed poorly in the domains of language, memory, orientation, attention/calculation and praxis relative to controls (p < 0.05).There were no significant effect of gender, age, sex and level of education on cognitive functions in the patients (p > 0.05) but the presence of opportunistic infections had negative impact on the performances on orientation and total CSID scores in the patients with HIV infection (p < 0.05).ConclusionPatients with newly diagnosed HIV infection have poor cognitive functions when compared to normal controls and some presence of opportunistic infections in the patient is a significant risk factor for cognitive impairment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive functions in newly diagnosed patients with HIV infection in a tertiary health facility: Assessment using community screening interview for dementia

et al. 2017

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“…The neuroAIDS literature regarding the impact of aging is mixed. While a number of studies have found that older adults with HIV infection are more vulnerable to cognitive problems compared to healthy elderly controls as well as younger HIV1 cohorts [Becker et al, 2004;Gonzalez & Cherner, 2008;Rodriguez-Penney et al, 2013;Hinkin et al, 2004;Sacktor et al, 2011;Valcour et al, 2004], few studies have reported an interactive effect of advancing age and HIV infection [Sacktor et al, 2010;Chang et al, 2011;Morgan et al, 2011;Vance, 2011], or have found evidence to support that advancing age is an additive risk factor for neurocognitive dysfunction among HIV1 individuals [Valcour et al, 2011;Cysique et al, 2011;Kissel et al, 2014].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of HIV and aging on subcortical shape alterations: A 3D morphometric study

et al. 2016

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Standard volumetric neuroimaging studies have demonstrated preferential atrophy of subcortical structures among individuals with HIV. However, to our knowledge, no study has investigated subcortical shape alterations secondary to HIV and whether advancing age impacts that relationship. This study employed 3D morphometry to examine the independent and interactive effects of HIV and age on shape differences in nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen and thalamus in 81 participants ranging in age from 24 – 76 including 59 HIV+ individuals and 22 HIV-seronegative controls. T1-weighted MRI underwent a pre-processing pipeline followed by automated subcortical segmentation. Parametric statistical analyses were used to determine independent effects of HIV infection and age on volume and shape in each region of interest (ROI) and the interaction between age and HIV serostatus in predicting volume/shape in each ROI. Significant main effects for HIV were found in the shape of right caudate and nucleus accumbens, left pallidum and hippocampus. Age was associated with differences in shape in left pallidum, right nucleus accumbens and putamen, and bilateral caudate, hippocampus and thalamus. Of greatest interest, an age*HIV interaction effect was found in the shape of bilateral nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate, and thalamus as well as right pallidum and putamen such that increasing age in HIV participants was associated with greater shape alterations. Traditional volumemetric analyses revealed main effects for both HIV and age but no age*HIV interaction. These findings may suggest that age and HIV infection conferred additional deleterious effects on subcortical shape abnormalities beyond the independent effects of these factors.

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“…13 Controversy exists, however, regarding the potential confounding effect of aging on neurocognitive performance in PLWH. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Also, side effects from antiretroviral drugs might accentuate natural aging symptoms, 13 and little is known about the influence of cholesterol on neurocognitive functioning among older PLWH. Further limiting our knowledge is the frequent exclusion of older PLWH from research, because of the concern that they may bias the immune decline outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable cognitive benefits in HAART-treated patients: are aging and low cholesterol linked?

Míguez‐Burbano¹

2010

NBHIV

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Since a sizeable portion of the brain is composed of cholesterol, which serves various vital functions, we investigated interrelationships among hypocholesterolemia (HypoCHL  150 mg/dL) and neurocognitive impairment for people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods: Fasting blood samples were obtained in 125 PLWH younger than 45 years of age (Group 1) and 40 PLWH older than 46 years old (Group 2) at baseline and after 24 weeks on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Participants with HypoCHL were compared with non-HypoCHL on learning/memory (California Verbal Learning Test = CVLT) and global neurocognitive status (HIV Dementia Scale = HDS). Results: HypoCHL was prevalent in Group 1 (35%) and Group 2 (30%) and associated with lower CVLT (P = 0.03) and HDS (P = 0.02) scores. After HAART in Group 1, non-HypoCHL subjects improved in every neurocognitive parameter, but progress was limited and non-significant in the HypoCHL subjects. Despite better adherence and lower viral loads (P = 0.05) exhibited by Group 2, the HypoCHL participants showed declines in HDS scores (-2.5) and total CVLT (-0.86 words). After adjusting for relevant variables, HypoCHL subjects from Group 1 showed a threefold increased risk for scoring in the dementia range (P  0.01), and the risk was even higher for HypoCHL participants in Group 2 (OR = 5.0, 95% CI: 1.25-21.3, P = 0.008). Conclusions: The association of HypoCHL with limited HAART neurocognitive recovery and even a continuous decline indicates the importance of restoring lipid balance.

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The Relationship Between Age and Cognitive Function in HIV-Infected Men

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

Cognitive functions in newly diagnosed patients with HIV infection in a tertiary health facility: Assessment using community screening interview for dementia

Cognitive functions in newly diagnosed patients with HIV infection in a tertiary health facility: Assessment using community screening interview for dementia

The effects of HIV and aging on subcortical shape alterations: A 3D morphometric study

Variable cognitive benefits in HAART-treated patients: are aging and low cholesterol linked?

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