Cognitive functions in newly diagnosed patients with HIV infection in a tertiary health facility: Assessment using community screening interview for dementia

Abstract

IntroductionNeurocognitive dysfunction is a detrimental complication of HIV infection. In this study we attempt to characterize the pattern of cognitive dysfunction in a sample of Nigerian patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study in which 50 patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection were studied along with 50 normal control subjects. The participants were evaluated with the medical history, general, physical and neurological examination. Laboratory evaluation and chest X-Ray were done for all patients. The Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSID) questionnaire was administered to all the study participants.ResultsAbout 70% of the patients were in advanced disease stage. The mean age (SD) of the patients and controls in years were 36.44 ± 8.22 and 35.40 ± 11.53 respectively. More than half (56%) of the patients had secondary level of education (12 years of education). About 20% of the patients had severe neurocognitive impairment while 48% had minor neurocognitive disorder. The patients with HIV infection performed poorly in the domains of language, memory, orientation, attention/calculation and praxis relative to controls (p < 0.05).There were no significant effect of gender, age, sex and level of education on cognitive functions in the patients (p > 0.05) but the presence of opportunistic infections had negative impact on the performances on orientation and total CSID scores in the patients with HIV infection (p < 0.05).ConclusionPatients with newly diagnosed HIV infection have poor cognitive functions when compared to normal controls and some presence of opportunistic infections in the patient is a significant risk factor for cognitive impairment.

Correlation of Vitamin B12 and D with Neurocognitive Function in HIV/AIDS Patients in H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan

“…Average age of the study was 34.8 ± 6.86 years. This was relevant to various studies that report almost the same result, Suyanto et al found the age of HIV/AIDS patients between 30 -39 years (35.92%), Jumare et al found the average age of HIV / AIDS patients was 35 ± 9 years in and sumonu et al found the average age of HIV/AIDS patients was 36.44 ± 8.22 years (13,15,16). Vol.…”

“…In this study, the age of the study subjects was younger compared to studies which showed that HIV/AIDS was associated with neurocognitive disorders that gained an average of older age (>45 years). (16,17) Patients with HIV/AIDS infection perform poorly in the domains of language, memory, orientation, attention/calculation and practical relative to control (p<0.05). (13) The study has excluded subjects who were previously diagnosed with neurocognitive disorders before being diagnosed with HIV/AIDS.…”

Meta-analysis of factors affecting prevalence estimates of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder in sub-Saharan Africa

“…48 Several measures, ranging from generic to disease-specific measures, are used to assess neurocognitive disorder among PLWHIV. These include the popular mini-mental state exam 48 , the HDS 49 , community screening interview for dementia 50 , IHDS 29 , and several combinations of neuropsychological tests such as Hopkins verbal learning test revised, Wechsler adult intelligence scale III symbol search, grooved pegboard, colour trails 2, Wechsler memory scale III spatial span and controlled oral word association test 11 . In this review, cognitive measures included IHDS, HDS, community screening interview for dementia, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale and multidomain neuropsychological tests.…”

Factores socioeconómicos y clínicos asociados con infecciones oportunistas en pacientes con HIV afiliados al sistema de salud

“…Las infecciones oportunistas aumentan la discapacidad, la morbilidad y la mortalidad (42,66,(73)(74)(75)(76). Las infecciones oportunistas se han asociado con trastornos neurocognitivos, con el síndrome inflamatorio de reconstitución inmunitaria, y con limitaciones auditivas, orales y visuales (52,73,(77)(78)(79)(80). Dada la ausencia de datos sobre la discapacidad y la mortalidad causadas por las infecciones oportunistas en Colombia, estas consecuencias no se analizaron en este estudio, por lo que se sugiere incluirlas en posteriores análisis.…”