The relationship between affective temperaments, defensive styles and depressive symptoms in a large sample

The Association Between Defensive Styles and Early Maladaptive Schemas in Patients with Migraine Headaches

“…Neurotic defensive style was also incompatible with any of the component schemas. This finding is consistent with the findings obtained from other research (11,14,21,22).…”

“…Furthermore, a metaanalysis showed that defensive profile in patients with major depression compared to the control group is in the form of lower grades relevant to mature defensive style and higher scores of immature and neurotic defense style (13). In the research performed by Carvalho et al (2013), immature defensive style and mature defensive style had a higher and lower association with depressive symptoms, respectively (14).…”

Measuring affective temperaments: a systematic review of validation studies of the Temperament Evaluation in Memphis Pisa and San Diego (TEMPS) instruments

“…Cloninger's psychobiological model of temperament (Cloninger et al, 1994) and the five-factor model (FFM) of personality (Costa Jr and McCrae, 1992) These findings seem consistent with the idea that the hyperthymic temperament may be a more resilient temperament (Carvalho et al, 2013;Karam et al, 2010;Kesebir et al, 2013;Vazquez et al, 2010). This interpretation is further supported by the fact that the hyperthymic temperament was negatively associated with neuroticism, which is a personality dimension consistently associated with psychopathology (Jeronimus et al, 2016).…”

“…In addition, certain predominant affective temperaments may confer a higher risk for the emergence of suicidality in patients with mood disorders (Baldessarini et al, 2016;Perugi et al, 2012), and also may contribute to the emergence of both depressive (Carvalho et al, 2013) and somatic (Hyphantis et al, 2013) symptoms. Beyond their role as precursors, risk factors, and/or moderators/mediators of distinct manifestations of mental disorders, affective temperaments may also influence creativity (Akiskal and Akiskal, 2007;Srivastava et al, 2010) and professional choice (Akiskal et al, 2005d;Schmidt et al, 2010).…”

The Integration of Mood, Behavior, and Temperament in Mood Spectrum Disorders

“…The relationship between affective temperaments and defensive styles using the Defensive Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) was also studied [ 17 ]. Hyperthymic or euthymic temperaments were more likely to present a mature defense style, whereas immature styles were predominant among individuals with cyclothymic, volatile, depressive, dysphoric, euphoric, and disinhibited temperaments.…”