The relation of self-supporting personality, enacted social support, and perceived social support

The Relationship Between Interpersonal Self-Support and Depression: A Longitudinal Study

“…As such, ISS is believed by people in China to protect against mental problems (Xia, 2010). Our prior studies supported these views in Chinese culture and found that ISS was related to higher levels of practical interpersonal problemsolving (Xia, Huang, Wan, & yang, 2011), lower interpersonal stress (Xia, 2011), greater social support (Xia et al, 2012), and lower scores on measures of psychosomatic symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD (Xia, 2010(Xia, , 2011Xia & Ding, 2011;Xia, Wan, Song, & yang, 2011). Particularly, four out of five ISS traits (IId, II, IR, and IO) were significantly negatively related to depression in four crosssectional studies (Lin & Xia, 2010;Xia, 2010;Xia, Wan, Song, & yang, 2011).…”

“…IId and II were found to predict high quality of interpersonal problem-solving, interpersonal ability, and enacted social support (Xia, Huang et al, 2011;Xia et al, 2012). Numerous studies suggest that interpersonal events (e.g., Coyne, 1976;Coyne & Whiffen, 1995;Hammen, 2006;Robins, Bagby, Rector, Lynch, & Kennedy, 1997;Robins, Block, & Peslow, 1989;Robins & Luten, 1991;Zuroff et al, 2004) and social support (e.g., Jokela, Räikkönen, Lehtimäki, Rontu, & Keltikangas-Järvinen, 2007;Puttonenb & Keltikangas-Järvinen, 2006;Spoozak, Gotman, Smith, Belanger, & yonkers, 2009) may influence depression.…”

“…Presumably, some ISS traits such as IId and II may affect depression through decreasing interpersonal events or increasing enacted social support. However, earlier studies found that interpersonal responsibility (IR) could not predict interpersonal ability and enacted social support, but could predict perceived social support (Xia, Huang et al, 2011;Xia et al, 2012). Previous studies have indicated that vulnerability amplified the depressive reactivity to life events (Bolger & Zuckerman, 1995;Iacoviello, Grant, Alloy, & Abramson, 2009;Monroe & Simons, 1991) or reduced the protective effect of social support (e.g., Bakhshani, 2007), while protective personality reduced the depressive response after stress exposure (e.g., Grote et al, 2007).…”

“…Relational schema is defined as cognitive structures that represent interpersonal relatedness, including self-schema, other schema, and interpersonal script in interpersonal situations (Baldwin, 1992). Relational schema is assumed to be the underlying cognitive unit of IR (Xia et al, 2012). A positive relational schema may help high IR people cognize the interpersonal environment positively, which in turn reduces the negative influence of interpersonal events and amplifies the protective function of social support after exposure to stress.…”

Prevalence and associated factors of depression among people living with HIV in two cities in China

“…Other effective interventions include peer support groups (Cully et al, 2012) and online treatment support (Revell et al, 2011). It is also important to note that perceived social support may be as useful as enacted social support (Xia et al, 2012). Online support groups may be applicable for improving psychosocial support.…”