The relation of neuroticism to physiological and behavioral stress responses induced by auditory startle

Abstract

Introduction The negative cognitive effects of the startle response are not yet fully understood. Ecological observations in the aviation field indicate risk for severe outcomes in complex or pressured situations, while sparse previous research suggests milder negative effects on simple cognitive tasks. Neuroticism is proposed as a factor related to the level of negative effects following startle. Methods This study examined the effects of startle on performance in a choice reaction time task and analyzed relations between performance, neuroticism, and physiological stress. Results Our results indicate that reaction time directly following startle was not affected, but reaction time in subsequent trials was significantly slower. Neuroticism and physiological stress were both unrelated to this performance effect. Discussion We argue that higher complexity/demand tasks are necessary to complement the research on base cognitive functioning in relation to startle. If neuroticism is related to startle effects, this is more likely to be found in these higher demand situations.

A narrative review of the interconnection between pilot acute stress, startle, and surprise effects in the aviation context: Contribution of physiological measurements

“…Results presented in the literature suggest that the startle response is strongly connected to the fight or flight response. Thus, Sehlström et al ( 2022 ) show that physiological stress followed startling stimuli and Xie et al ( 2022 ) mention that sympathetic nervous system weakness following startle, which manifests as a cognitive effect (attention shift), is related to stress.…”