The relation of geology to dry‐weather stream flow in Ohio

Cross, William Perry

doi:10.1029/tr030i004p00563

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These influences of geology are reflected in equations (3) and (4) especially, as recession constants or slope of recession depend on groundwater storage capacity and upon the transmissivity of the rocks and saprolite which the rivers drain {cf. Cross, 1949;Todd, 1953). However, equation (3) shows that increasing percentage of basin area underlain by amphibolites and basic schists (B3) is associated with low discharge variability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrological response patterns of some third order streams on the Basement Complex of southwestern Nigeria

Adejuwon

Jeje

Ogunkoya

1983

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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The hydrological response patterns of some third order rivers in southwestern Nigeria are described in terms of regime, discharge variability and recession of flow from peak discharge in the rainy season to the lowest discharge in the dry season. The maximum and minimum discharges of the rivers coincide with the rainy and dry seasons respectively. Most of the rivers exhibit erratic flow with quick responses to storms and storm water abating quickly, while some have a very low groundwater contribution to streamflow, a phenomenon which accounted for their drying up for considerable periods in the year. The variability indices of discharge of the rivers range from 0.25 to 2.12 while the recession constants range from 0.64 to 0.98. The variability indices are much higher than those of basins of similar size reported from other studies. Three types of rivers are recognizable on the basis of their hydrological response patterns. It is observed that the nature of the surficial and solid geology has a greater influence on discharge characteristics than other factors such as depth of regolith and rainfall.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross, 1949;Reinhart & Eschner, 1962;Wright, 1970;Walling, 1971;White, 1977). A survey of these studies shows that except for the work of Rodier (1959) and a few others, there is little or no information on this aspect of hydrology of rivers in the humid tropics of Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological response patterns of some third order streams on the Basement Complex of southwestern Nigeria

Adejuwon

Jeje

Ogunkoya

1983

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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“…In order to help determine which of the two techniques yielded results more representative of recession behavior, the two sets of results were correlated with two other measures related to low-flow behavior. One of the measures chosen was the dimensionless ratio obtained by dividing the 90% flow duration value (Q90) by the 50% flow duration value (Q50)-The Q90 value is used as a measure of the groundwater contribution to streamflow [Cross, 1949], and thus the Q9o/Q5o ratio notionally represents the proportion of streamflow originating from groundwater stores, excluding the effects of catchment area. Another variable that characterizes this is the ratio of base flow volume to streamflow volume (referred to here as the base flow index), where the base flow volume was determined using the digital filter described later in the paper.…”

Section: Comparison Of Recession Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of automated techniques for base flow and recession analyses

Nathan¹,

McMahon²

1990

Water Resources Research

988

713

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This paper presents an evaluation of several automated techniques concerned with base flow' separation and recession analyses. Two base flow techniques were considered, one based on a digital filter and the other on simple smoothing and separation rules. A comparison between two commonly used techniques of recession analyses, the correlation method and the matching strip method, was also undertaken. The relative performances of the techniques were evaluated using the results obtained from the daily streamflow records of 186 catchments in southeastern Australia. The work described in this paper was undertaken within the general framework of defining the low-flow characteristics of small rural catchments, the overall objective being the development of a regional model for use on ungauged catchments. k, which is called the recession constant. There appears to be some contradiction in the literature as to who first derived this equation, though it appears that J. Boussinesq, E. Maillet, and R. E. Horton all independently derived the same function around the year 1904 [see Horton, 1933; Werner and Sundquist, 1951; Hall, 1968; Appleby, 1970]. Subsequently, Werner and Sundquist [1951] showed that (1) is the linear solution of the one-dimensional general differential equation governing transient flow in artesian aquifers (the diffusion equation).Barnes [1939] suggested that the three individual components of runoff, overland flow, interflow and groundwater flow, may be distinguished by plotting the logarithms of the flows against time. Recessions that obey (1) plot as a straight line on semilogarithmic graph paper, the gradient of which is equal to the recession constant, and thus the different components may be distinguished by the different straightline segments. Bank storage has also been considered as a fourth store that contributes to streamflow; for large values of time and an infinite aquifer, Cooper and Rorabaugh [ 1963] showed that the recession due to bank storage approaches the simple exponential form of (1). The range of daily recession constants has been found typically to be [e.g., Klaassen and Pilgrim, 1975]: 0.2-0.8 for surface runoff, 0.7-0.94 for interflow, and 0.93--0.995 for base flow. The overlapping ranges reflect the difficulties inherent in identifying a particular recession as being either surface runoff, interflow, or base flow. Alternatively, more complex functions than (1) have been used to describe recession flow. However, after detailed investigation of recession behavior, many authors [e.g., Ineson and Downing, 1964; Nutbrown and Downing, 1976; Anderson and Butt, 1980; Petras, 1986] have concluded that no single linear plot can be constructed for base flow recession. The nonlinearity is a function of factors such as carry-over storage from a prior period of recharge, variations in areal pattern of recharge, channel, bank and flood 1465

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“…Differences in porous mantle depths are mainfested by the difference in lower-end slopes of flow-duration curves ( figure 7). The relationship of basin storage capacity to the slope of these curves is well founded in the literature (Cross, 1949;Lane and Lei, 1950;Searcy, 1959;Kunkle, 1962;Thomas, 1966; to name but a few). WS1 with the shallowest porous mantle depth has the steepest slope at the lower end of its curve, indicating a stream whose source has less absorptive and equalizing capacity than its neighbors.…”

Section: Flow Duration Curvesmentioning

confidence: 77%

SEISMIC REFRACTION ANALYSIS OF WATERSHED MANTLE RELATED TO SOIL, GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY¹

Yamamoto

1974

J American Water Resour Assoc

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An extensive hammer seismic refraction survey was carried out in three contiguous watersheds (217, 89, and 190 acres) on a laccolith near Sturgis, South Dakota to test its utility in rugged mountain terrain. Isopachs (lines connecting points of equal mantle thickness), area-elevation curves (hypsometry), and structure contours were used together with drill cores, petrography, hydrographs, and soil information to interpret the nature and role of porous mantle in the waterflow behavior of the watersheds. Refraction profiles produced only one geologically meaningful seismic contrast within the loccolith. Drill cores indicated a shallow stony profile on a sheeted horizon terminating on isotropic crystalline rock impervious except for tight joints. Means of refraction and core interpretations were not statistically different. Apparent seismic discontinuities deeper within the bedrock lacked geological identity. Storm hydrographs and water yields are better related to soil type differences and porous mantle distribution than to average porous mantle depth. On the other hand, slope of flow-duration curves correlate with average porous mantle depth. Porous mantle isopachs also indicate that measured flow from each basin is total area flow. Thus, porous mantle isopachs and hypsometry, and soil type delineation are complimentary in our interpretation of watershed behavior. (KEY TERMS: hammer seismic refraction; isopachs; flow duration curves; laccolith; mountain watershed) Paper No. 73130 of the WoterResources Bulletin. Discussions are open until Demmber 1, 1974. 'Associate Geologist, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Field Unit, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701. Central headquarters maintained at Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 in cooperation with Colorado State University. Research reported here was conducted in cooperation with South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. 531 LITERATURE CITED Alsayegh, Abdul Hadi Y. 1966. Seismic and resistivity studies in Alkali Creek drainage five miles southwest of Stu rgis, South Dakota, Master of Science in Geology thesis, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, 79 pp. Betson, Roger P., and John B. Marius. 1969. Source areas of storm runoff. Water Resour. Res. S(3): 574-582. 1084-1134. pp. 195-218, Geol. SOC. Amer. Mem. 97,587 pp. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Pap. 1542-A, 33 pp. the study of watershed hydrology. Water Resour. Bull. 5(3): 3749.

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The relation of geology to dry‐weather stream flow in Ohio

Cited by 28 publications

References 3 publications

Hydrological response patterns of some third order streams on the Basement Complex of southwestern Nigeria

Hydrological response patterns of some third order streams on the Basement Complex of southwestern Nigeria

Evaluation of automated techniques for base flow and recession analyses

SEISMIC REFRACTION ANALYSIS OF WATERSHED MANTLE RELATED TO SOIL, GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY¹

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The relation of geology to dry‐weather stream flow in Ohio

Cited by 28 publications

References 3 publications

Hydrological response patterns of some third order streams on the Basement Complex of southwestern Nigeria

Hydrological response patterns of some third order streams on the Basement Complex of southwestern Nigeria

Evaluation of automated techniques for base flow and recession analyses

SEISMIC REFRACTION ANALYSIS OF WATERSHED MANTLE RELATED TO SOIL, GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY1

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SEISMIC REFRACTION ANALYSIS OF WATERSHED MANTLE RELATED TO SOIL, GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY¹