Blood lactate was determined in 19 untrained subjects after maximal treadmill exercise lasting for about 1 min. It was found that blood lactate increases after exercise, reaching a maximum level 6-9 min after the cessation of exercise, and the average time for the appearance of the peak blood lactate concentration was 7.65 min. Peak blood lactate concentration at 7.65 min (CLA7.65), which was calculated by substituting t (7.65) into the equation for the lactate recovery curve for each subject, agreed well with the observed peak blood lactate concentration (r = 0.98, p less than 0.001). In addition, correlations of r = -0.65, r = -0.78, r = -0.79 were found between CLA7.65 and the running times of 100 m, 200 m, and 400 m sprints, respectively. These results suggest that CLA7.65 may be used as a valid indicator of anaerobic work capacity in man.
Soil losses under simulated rainfall were used to test indexes of erodibility based on soil aggregate size and Middleton's suspension percent. Soil samples were collected on the Koolau and Waianae ranges on Oahu, Hawaii. Soil losses expressed as gross splash erosion and maximum splash rate were related by regression on principal components to eight factors: soil erodibility index, bulk density, saturation soil moisture content, precipitation excess, organic matter content, geologic type, vegetation type, and climatic zone at the sampling site. Equations that included the percent of water stable aggregates 0.25–0.50 mm in size produced the highest explained variation: 81% in gross splash erosion and 66% in maximum splash rate. Gross splash was related to a soil erodibility index, bulk density, and infiltration and saturation moisture content; in contrast, maximum splash erosion variation was related to organic matter content as well as to an erodibility index and the bulk density of the soil. Ash and basalt colluvium soils require more careful management than basalt soils because of their higher maximum splash rates.
Revegetation on raw bentonite spoil with or without treatments is often more practical than replacing topsoil in areas where it is scarce or nonexistent. The effect of raw bentonite spoil treated with ponderosa pine sawdust on plant survival and growth was compared to other treatments including perlite, gypsum, straw, vermiculite, and no treatment. Plants tested were the drought-and salt-resistant species of fourwing saltbush (A tri@kx cunescens (Pursh) Nutt.), rubber rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus nauseousus (Pallo) B&t.), big sagebrush (Artemisia trident&u triabtutu Nutt.), common winterfat (Cerutoides hmatu (Pursh) Moq.), Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.), Russian olive (Ehzegnusangust~olia L.), common yarrow (Achi&amil&folium L.), and desert globemallow (Sphaedcea ambigua Gray). Desert globemallow, fourwing saltbush, and rubber rabbitbrush had substantial growth and survival on sawdust, perlite, and vermiculite treated spoil. The growth promoting effect of sawdust is particularly promising; it is readily available and cost is minimal.
PerliteGypsum and NPK fertilization with perlite mixed into spoil at 50:50 volume ratio. Vermiculite Gypsum and NPK fertilization with vermiculite mixed into spoil at 50~50 ratio.
The X-ray spectra from a tungsten-target diagnostic tube were measured with a lithium-drifted silicon detector. Four characteristic X-ray peaks were clearly observed. When a 0.05-0.3 mm thick tungsten absorption edge filter was added to the tube, the number of photons in the spectra above the K-absorption edge decreased dramatically. The effect of the absorption edge filter on image quality and on the absorbed dose were investigated by both measurement and Monte Carlo calculation. The absorbed dose to the patient is reduced without image quality, being degraded.
The order of relative reactivity of nitriles for the formation of Fe(II) complexes (2s) with 3-(1-alkyl(or aryl)methyl)-1-imino-2,4-bis(2-pyridylmethylimine)(L(2)s) from that with 2,4-bis(2-pyridylmethylimono)pentane (L1), trans-[FeL(1)(MeCN)(2)][ClO(4)](2).MeCN (1), and various nitriles has been determined based on the following order: C(6)F(5)CN > 3,4-difluorobenzonitrile > 4-fluorobenzonitrile > C(6)H(5)CN > C(6)H(5)CH(2)CN > C(2)H(5)CN > MeCN > Me(2)CHCN >>Me(3)CN. An iron(II) complex with L1 in a cis-configuration was prepared as the ternary complex [FeL(1)(bpy)][ClO(4)](2).1.5MeNO(2).0.5H(2)O, 3a (bpy = bipyridine). Compounds 2s and 3a undergo enantiomeric interconversion with an activation energy of ca. 60 kJ mol(-1).
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