The Relation between Sleep Apnea and Intra-Arterially Measured Blood Pressure in Hyperternsive Patients with Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Abstract

The relationship between sleep apnea and blood pressure was examined in 7 patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS). In addition, whether or not SAS is a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease was assessed. Polysomnography, including measurements of arterial 02 saturation (Sa02), was performed in 7 patients during a 3-day hospitalization period; direct intra-arterial blood pressure was continuously recorded. The blood pressure data were analyzed at the beginning of apnea, the beginning of fall in Sa02, the end of apnea, the time of maximum blood pressure, and the time of Sa02 recovery. Analysis was also carried out for 30 s at 30-min intervals to assess nocturnal blood pressure variability.Two urine specimens, one accumulated from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. and the other from 9 p.m. to 9 a.m., were collected. The pattern of blood pressure changes did not reveal the nocturnal decrease observed in normal subjects. A transient elevation of blood pressure was observed at the end of each apneic period; the mean increase in blood pressure was 28.0 mmHg in systole and 16.4 mmHg in diastole, and the maximum increase in systolic blood pressure was over 100 mmHg. There was no significant difference between diurnal and nocturnal concentrations of urinary catecholamines, suggesting that the sympathetic activity of patients with SAS is not decreased at night. Furthermore, the transient but considerable elevation of blood pressure observed at the end of each apneic period suggests that SAS may potentially trigger cerebrovascular disease. (Hypertens Res 1993;16: 209-213)

Ocular blood flow in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)

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High prevalence of sleep‐disordered breathing in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma

“…SDB including large swings in nocturnal blood pressure (Arimoto et al 1995;Leroy et al 1996;Shepard 1985) and in some cases recurrent severe hypoxia may aggravate anoxic optic nerve damage, which is implicated in glaucoma. According to the literature and our data, in future studies it would be interesting to look for a predictive model (e.g.…”

Multi-stage sleep classification using photoplethysmographic sensor

“…It has been established that there are significant changes to the arterial blood pressure between the REM and NREM sleep phases [ 37 ]. Features of PPG that correspond to the changes in arterial blood pressure, such as the area under the PPG cycle, area of systolic and diastolic and the ratio of the systolic and diastolic area (complete list in table 4 ) were extracted from the recordings.…”