The relation between fertilizer nitrogen applications and nitrate leaching from grazed grassland

Barraclough, D.; Jarvis, S. C.; Davies, G. P.; Williams, J.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.1992.tb00894.x

Cited by 50 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(2 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Dowdell(l982) suggested that on average between 3% and 11 070 of fertilizer N added to grassland was lost to drainage in the following year, and between 1% and 7% lost from arable crops. Similar figures emerge from work by Barraclough et al (1992( ), Vinten et al (1991 and Smith and Stewart (1989). Data for the Craibstone lysimeter in Aberdeenshire indicate that a mean of 9 kg ha-of N was lost annually from plots fertilized with 43 kg ha-I mostly as farmyard manure (cited in Vinten et al, 1991).…”

Section: Agriculturesupporting

confidence: 86%

Quantifying anthropogenic nutrient sources and loadings within a small catchment with conservation interests, eastern Scotland

Grieve

Gilvear

1994

Aquatic Conservation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT1. This paper demonstrates the possibility of quantifying sub-catchment nutrient budgets from routinely monitored hydrological and hydrochemical data. The relative importance of a number of potential anthropogenic nutrient sources was quantified for a small catchment in Scotland. Within the catchment there are two Sites of Special Scientific Interest, including two lochs and a floodplain mire. The study was undertaken to provide information for prescribing strategies to safeguard the conservation interests of these aquatic systems.2. The principal source of nitrate was found to be groundwater. Phosphate and ammonium loadings were greatest in surface run-off. The evidence indicates that the greatest contributor towards these nutrient sources is agriculture. Even when conservative estimates of losses were applied, current fertilizer and animal inputs could account for present day nutrient loadings. In addition, changes in the area under arable farming and under individual crops during the past 30 years are consistent with trends in nitrate and phosphate loads.3. Nutrient inputs from sewage works overflows and septic tanks within the catchment were estimated to be small. Leachate from a landfill site within the catchment was also not considered to be a major source of nutrients, but a more intensive water quality monitoring programme would be needed to confirm the absence of leachate plumes.4. The only long-term solution to reducing nutrient loadings to the aquatic systems is a reduction in agricultural activities within the catchment and avoidance of fertilizer and slurry applications near water sources. Diversion of drainage ditch waters supplying the floodplain mire is also a possibility but the hydrological consequences of such an action could induce more severe degradation than that due io nutrient enrichment.

show abstract

Section: Agriculturesupporting

confidence: 86%

Quantifying anthropogenic nutrient sources and loadings within a small catchment with conservation interests, eastern Scotland

Grieve

Gilvear

1994

Aquatic Conservation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The sites, their soils and the experimental treatments are described in detail elsewhere (Barraclough et al, 1991). In brief, the measurements were taken on a grazing response trial (GM24 trial; Baker, 1985): five sites were involved and Table 1 gives details of their locations and a resum6 of some of the properties of their soils either measured in these or concurrent studies or abstracted from data from Soil Survey of England and Wales.…”

Section: Sites and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another paper (Barraclough et al, 1991) we describe, as part of a study to establish some of the outputs from different grazed swards, annual denitrification losses from a number of soils which received fertilizer applications which ranged from 0-800 kg ha -1. Average annual denitrification losses represented 5 and 12%, respectively, of the fertilizer addition to a well or a poorly drained soil type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of denitrification loss from grazed grassland: Effects of N fertilizer inputs at different sites

Jarvis¹,

Barraclough

Williams³

et al. 1991

Plant Soil

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Factors influencing the seasonal and daily variation in denitrification rates in grazed swards were examined at 5 experimental sites in England with wide ranging environmental/geographic conditions. There was a wide range of fertilizer inputs at each site. Rates of denitrification were estimated by a coring and field incubation technique using acetylene to inhibit the reduction of N:O to N 2. Major features of the detailed results from two of the sites were: (i) the large ranges in rates of loss, (ii) the relatively low contributions to total annual loss during autumn and winter, (iii) the apparent association of high rates of loss with fertilizer additions made when the soil was wet or immediately preceding a rainfall event, and (iv) significant losses from soil at 10-30 cm in the profile. Multiple quadratic regression analysis of the effects of soil N O 3 -N , soil temperature and water was used to explain variability in rates of loss. When separate regressions were fitted within each site × year × season × fertilizer level subset, 51% of the variation in loss was explained on a poorly drained fine loam/silt but only 38% on a freely drained loam.

show abstract

“…Even higher total N inputs are often used for greenhouse vegetable crops by mixing poultry manure into the soil for each crop and growing annually two or more crops. Nitrogen fertilizers are important in vegetable production systems but there is concern about the potential for nitrate leaching and groundwater contamination (Rossi et al, 1991;Barraclough et al, 1992;Cameron et al, 1997;Li et al, 2001;Zhu et al, 2004). Leaching of NO 3 À -N occurs in many vegetable production areas because N application rates often exceed crop demand (Biernbaum, 1992;Jackson et al, 1994;McNeal et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental implications of low nitrogen use efficiency in excessively fertilized hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) cropping systems

Zhu

Christie³

et al. 2005

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

199

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A randomized-block greenhouse plot experiment was conducted on N utilization efficiency and N losses in intensive hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) production systems typical of commercial practice in Shouguang, an important vegetable production area in Shandong province, northeast China. Crop yield and N utilization, soil mineral N dynamics and potential nitrate leaching losses were studied in control plots receiving no N fertilizer or organic manure and in experimental plots receiving 0, 600, 1200 or 1800 kg urea-N ha À1 plus a basal dressing of 15 t ha À1 air-dried poultry manure supplying 178 kg N ha À1 . Ammonia volatilization from the soil surface was monitored. A microplot was established in each of the plots receiving 1200 kg urea-N ha À1 (the local average commercial fertilizer N application rate), the urea applied to the microplot was labelled with 10 atom % 15 N tracer and residual soil 15 N and 15 N in harvested plant parts were determined. Previous intensive cropping led to a very high residual soil mineral N content (1117 kg N ha À1 ) before the experiment began and control plots gave a satisfactory mean fruit yield of 5.7 t DM ha À1 with no significant yield response to applied fertilizer and poultry manure. Only 10% of applied fertilizer N was recovered in the aboveground parts of the crop and about 52% was lost from the soil-plant system. Substantial nitrate leaching losses occurred using the two highest fertilizer N application rates but there was little NH 3 volatilization from the soil surface. In a survey of 94 wells in Shouguang, the NO 3 À -N concentrations in water used for drinking and irrigation were determined. Almost half of 94 local wells surveyed had NO 3 À -N concentrations above the USEPA public drinking water maximum contaminant level of 10 mg L À1 . The data indicate that N inputs for intensively managed vegetable crops in northeast China should be reduced urgently to maintain crop yields while avoiding serious long-term environmental damage. #

show abstract

The relation between fertilizer nitrogen applications and nitrate leaching from grazed grassland

Cited by 50 publications

References 11 publications

Quantifying anthropogenic nutrient sources and loadings within a small catchment with conservation interests, eastern Scotland

Quantifying anthropogenic nutrient sources and loadings within a small catchment with conservation interests, eastern Scotland

Patterns of denitrification loss from grazed grassland: Effects of N fertilizer inputs at different sites

Environmental implications of low nitrogen use efficiency in excessively fertilized hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) cropping systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About