The regulatory network of cell-cycle progression is fundamentally different in plants versus yeast or metazoans

Dißmeyer, Nico; Weimer, Annika K.; Veylder, Lieven De; Novák, Béla; Schnittger, Arp

doi:10.4161/psb.5.12.13969

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…The primitive unicellular algae, Ostreococcus tauri , contain a bona fide CDC25, which antagonizes WEE1 phosphorylation (Inze and De Veylder, 2006). In Arabidopsis a small CDC25 like phosphatase can counteract the role of WEE1 kinase in vitro (Landrieu et al, 2004), but this CDC25-like protein has arsenate reductase activity and is most likely not involved in cell cycle regulation (Dissmeyer et al, 2010). The Arabidopsis genome therefore lacks a functional copy of the CDC25 gene, which means that generic cell cycle models (Novak and Tyson, 1993) need to be adapted to reflect the situation in plants.…”

Section: Processes That Control Leaf Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf development: a cellular perspective

2014

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Through its photosynthetic capacity the leaf provides the basis for growth of the whole plant. In order to improve crops for higher productivity and resistance for future climate scenarios, it is important to obtain a mechanistic understanding of leaf growth and development and the effect of genetic and environmental factors on the process. Cells are both the basic building blocks of the leaf and the regulatory units that integrate genetic and environmental information into the developmental program. Therefore, to fundamentally understand leaf development, one needs to be able to reconstruct the developmental pathway of individual cells (and their progeny) from the stem cell niche to their final position in the mature leaf. To build the basis for such understanding, we review current knowledge on the spatial and temporal regulation mechanisms operating on cells, contributing to the formation of a leaf. We focus on the molecular networks that control exit from stem cell fate, leaf initiation, polarity, cytoplasmic growth, cell division, endoreduplication, transition between division and expansion, expansion and differentiation and their regulation by intercellular signaling molecules, including plant hormones, sugars, peptides, proteins, and microRNAs. We discuss to what extent the knowledge available in the literature is suitable to be applied in systems biology approaches to model the process of leaf growth, in order to better understand and predict leaf growth starting with the model species Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Section: Processes That Control Leaf Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf development: a cellular perspective

2014

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“…Furthermore, even though a homolog of the yeast Wee1 kinase exists in Arabidopsis and other plants, its function appears to be different as Arabidopsis WEE1 was found to act during S phase after hydroxyurea (HU)‐induced replication stress and not in repressing CDK activity during mitosis or blocking cell division after DSB formation (De Schutter et al , 2007; Cools et al , 2011). Moreover, transgenic plants expressing a mutant version of CDKA;1, the Arabidopsis homolog of mammalian Cdk1 and Cdk2, in which the putative WEE1 target sites were replaced with non‐phosphorylatable amino acids, were not hypersensitive to HU indicated that cell‐cycle arrest after DNA damage is differently regulated in plants (Dissmeyer et al , 2009, 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The plant‐specific CDKB 1‐ CYCB 1 complex mediates homologous recombination repair in Arabidopsis

et al. 2016

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Upon DNA damage, cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) are typically inhibited to block cell division. In many organisms, however, it has been found that CDK activity is required for DNA repair, especially for homology‐dependent repair (HR), resulting in the conundrum how mitotic arrest and repair can be reconciled. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana solves this dilemma by a division of labor strategy. We identify the plant‐specific B1‐type CDKs (CDKB1s) and the class of B1‐type cyclins (CYCB1s) as major regulators of HR in plants. We find that RADIATION SENSITIVE 51 (RAD51), a core mediator of HR, is a substrate of CDKB1‐CYCB1 complexes. Conversely, mutants in CDKB1 and CYCB1 fail to recruit RAD51 to damaged DNA. CYCB1;1 is specifically activated after DNA damage and we show that this activation is directly controlled by SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 (SOG1), a transcription factor that acts similarly to p53 in animals. Thus, while the major mitotic cell‐cycle activity is blocked after DNA damage, CDKB1‐CYCB1 complexes are specifically activated to mediate HR.

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“…Not surprisingly, considering their importance in cell cycle timing, WEE1 and CDC25 are targets of the DNA damage checkpoints that attenuate or halt the cell cycle progression upon genome damage (Harper and Elledge, 2007). Remarkably, in plants, no functional homolog of CDC25 exists, and it has been proposed that its function as cell cycle timer at the G2-to-M transition might have been replaced by plant-specific cell cycle control mechanisms (Boudolf et al, 2006;Dissmeyer et al, 2009Dissmeyer et al, , 2010. Nevertheless, despite the absence of a functional CDC25, treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana root tips with a replication stressinducing drug is associated with the phosphorylation of CDKs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TheArabidopsis thalianaCheckpoint Kinase WEE1 Protects against Premature Vascular Differentiation during Replication Stress

et al. 2011

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A sessile lifestyle forces plants to respond promptly to factors that affect their genomic integrity. Therefore, plants have developed checkpoint mechanisms to arrest cell cycle progression upon the occurrence of DNA stress, allowing the DNA to be repaired before onset of division. Previously, the WEE1 kinase had been demonstrated to be essential for delaying progression through the cell cycle in the presence of replication-inhibitory drugs, such as hydroxyurea. To understand the severe growth arrest of WEE1-deficient plants treated with hydroxyurea, a transcriptomics analysis was performed, indicating prolonged S-phase duration. A role for WEE1 during S phase was substantiated by its specific accumulation in replicating nuclei that suffered from DNA stress. Besides an extended replication phase, WEE1 knockout plants accumulated dead cells that were associated with premature vascular differentiation. Correspondingly, plants without functional WEE1 ectopically expressed the vascular differentiation marker VND7, and their vascular development was aberrant. We conclude that the growth arrest of WEE1-deficient plants is due to an extended cell cycle duration in combination with a premature onset of vascular cell differentiation. The latter implies that the plant WEE1 kinase acquired an indirect developmental function that is important for meristem maintenance upon replication stress.

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The regulatory network of cell-cycle progression is fundamentally different in plants versus yeast or metazoans

Cited by 25 publications

References 44 publications

Leaf development: a cellular perspective

Leaf development: a cellular perspective

The plant‐specific CDKB 1‐ CYCB 1 complex mediates homologous recombination repair in Arabidopsis

TheArabidopsis thalianaCheckpoint Kinase WEE1 Protects against Premature Vascular Differentiation during Replication Stress

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