The Regulation of Transcription Initiation in Bacteria

Reznikoff, W S

doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.19.1.355

Cited by 34 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…6). Preceding the psbAI initiation site is an eight bp region that conforms both in sequence and position to the -10 consensus sequence for Escherichia coli promoters [27]. A similar sequence is found at approximately the same position in psbAIII and IV, and twice in psbAII.…”

Section: Taaatttgcg T G a A T T C~t T A T G A G A C A G Gcg Caag Tc Tmentioning

confidence: 93%

Characterization of a four-member psbA gene family from the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120

Vrba

Curtis

1990

Plant Mol Biol

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The cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120 contains a multigene family that encodes the D1 polypeptide of Photosystem II. This family consists of four members denoted psbAI-IV that are each unique but highly homologous. psbAII, III and IV are more closely related to each other than to psbAI. These three copies encode identical polypeptides that differ from the psbAI product by 21 amino acids. The transcription initiation site for psbAI has been mapped to 64-65 nucleotides upstream from the coding region. Primer extension assays performed with an oligonucleotide specific for psbAII, III and IV transcripts suggest that one or more of these genes is also expressed. Genomic mapping and chromosome walking experiments demonstrate that none of the four psbA copies is within 20 kbp of another member of the gene family.

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Section: Taaatttgcg T G a A T T C~t T A T G A G A C A G Gcg Caag Tc Tmentioning

confidence: 93%

Characterization of a four-member psbA gene family from the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120

Vrba

Curtis

1990

Plant Mol Biol

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“…By comparison to promoter sequences found upstream of the Anabaena atp operons [22,23], putative promoter regions of atpl and atp2 were identified 200 and 80 bp, respectively, upstream of the first start codon. The so-called -35 region, assumed to serve as a recognition sequence for the p-factor of E. coli RNA polymerase [24], seems to be completely absent from the cyanobacterial atp promoters, since no consensus could be found in the respective regions. In the -10 region, however, assumed to be of relevance for the binding of RNA polymerase to E. coli DNA [24], a consensus (Pribnow box) is also present in the cyanobacterial operons.…”

Section: Control Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The so-called -35 region, assumed to serve as a recognition sequence for the p-factor of E. coli RNA polymerase [24], seems to be completely absent from the cyanobacterial atp promoters, since no consensus could be found in the respective regions. In the -10 region, however, assumed to be of relevance for the binding of RNA polymerase to E. coli DNA [24], a consensus (Pribnow box) is also present in the cyanobacterial operons. An 645 alignment of currently known putative promoter sequences from cyanobacterial atp operons is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Control Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The atp1 and atp2 operons of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Lill

Nelson

1991

Plant Mol Biol

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The two operons atp1 and atp2, encoding the subunits of the F0F1 ATP-synthase, have been cloned and sequenced from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The organization of the different genes in the operons have been found to resemble that of the cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. PCC 6301 and Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. The Synechocystis F0F1 ATP-synthase has nine subunits. A tenth open reading frame with unknown function was detected at the 5' end of atp1, coding for a putative gene product similar to uncI in Escherichia coli. A promoter structure was inferred for the Synechocystis atp operons and compared to other known promoters of cyanobacteria. Even though the operon structure of atp1 and atp2 in Synechocystis resembles the corresponding operons of Synechococcus, the amino acid sequences of individual gene products show marked differences. Genetic distances between cyanobacterial genes and genes for ATP-synthase subunits from other species have been calculated and compiled into evolutionary trees.

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“…Plant U-snRNA gene promoters closely resemble eubacterial promoters, which also contain two upstream elements, the -35 box and the -10 TATA-like sequence. Appropriate spacing between these two elements is crucial for optimal promoter function [22]. Phylogenetic trees derived for eukaryotes suggest that D. discoideum and probably yeast branched off prior to the divergence of eukaryotes into green plants and metazoa [6,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the U3 and U6 snRNA genes from wheat: U3 snRNA genes in monocot plants are transcribed by RNa polymerase III

1992

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We have demonstrated recently that the genes encoding the U3 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) in dicot plants are transcribed by RNA polymerase III (pol III), and not RNA polymerase II (pol II) as in all other organisms studied to date. The U3 gene was the first example of a gene transcribed by different polymerases in different organisms. Based on phylogenetic arguments we proposed that a polymerase specificity change of the U3 snRNA gene promoter occurred during plant evolution. To map such an event we are examining the U3 gene polymerase specificity in other plant species. We report here the characterization of a U3 gene from wheat, a monocot plant. This gene contains the conserved promoter elements, USE and TATA, in a pol III-specific spacing seen also in a wheat U6 snRNA gene characterized in this report. Both the U3 and the U6 genes possess typical pol III termination signals but lack the cis element, responsible for 3'-end formation, found in all plant pol II-specific snRNA genes. In addition, expression of the U3 gene in transfected maize protoplasts is less sensitive to alpha-amanitin than a pol II-transcribed U2 gene. Based on these data we conclude that the wheat U3 gene is transcribed by pol III. This observation suggests that the postulated RNA polymerase specificity switch of the U3 gene took place prior to the divergence of angiosperm plants into monocots and dicots.

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The Regulation of Transcription Initiation in Bacteria

Cited by 34 publications

References 126 publications

Characterization of a four-member psbA gene family from the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120

Characterization of a four-member psbA gene family from the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120

The atp1 and atp2 operons of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Characterization of the U3 and U6 snRNA genes from wheat: U3 snRNA genes in monocot plants are transcribed by RNa polymerase III

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