The regulation and biosynthesis of antimycins

Seipke, Ryan F.; Hutchings, Matthew I.

doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.290

Cited by 55 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…We and others previously identified 14 ant gene clusters that were classified as short-form (S-form, 15 genes), intermediate-form (I-form, 16 genes), and long-form (L-form, 17 genes) clusters (4, 18). There are six taxa, all related to S. albus S4, that encode S-form ant gene clusters: S. albus S4, S. albus J1074, Streptomyces sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coordinate Regulation of Antimycin and Candicidin Biosynthesis

McLean

Hoskisson

Seipke

2016

mSphere

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Natural products produced by members of the phylum Actinobacteria underpin many industrially and medically important compounds; however, the majority of the ~30 biosynthetic pathways harbored by an average species are not expressed in the laboratory. Understanding the diversity of regulatory strategies controlling the expression of these pathways is therefore critical if their biosynthetic potential is to be explored for new drug leads. Our findings reveal that the candicidin cluster-situated regulator FscRI coordinately controls the biosynthesis of both candicidin and antimycin, which is the first observation of cross-regulation of disparate biosynthetic gene clusters specifying unrelated natural products. We anticipate that this will emerge as a major strategy by which members of the phylum Actinobacteria coordinately produce natural products, which will advance our understanding of how the expression of secondary metabolism is controlled and will aid the pursuit of “silent” biosynthetic pathway activation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antimycin-type depsipeptides are a large class of natural products widely produced by Streptomyces species (see references 4 and 5 for recent reviews). Antimycins are the archetypal members of this family and have been known for more than 65 years (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinate Regulation of Antimycin and Candicidin Biosynthesis

McLean

Hoskisson

Seipke

2016

mSphere

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“…This finding sheds new light on the evolutionary history of streptomycetes and reminds us of the importance and necessity to examine population structure and recombination in Streptomyces species. As one of the early described species of the genus Streptomyces, Streptomyces albidoflavus has long been investigated for bioactive metabolites (19,20) and tackled taxonomically using multiple approaches (21,22). Here we obtained dozens of strains of this species from diverse sources, which provide an interesting sample with which to examine the influence of habitat and recombination in streptomycetes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Population Genetic Analysis of Streptomyces albidoflavus Reveals Habitat Barriers to Homologous Recombination in the Diversification of Streptomycetes

Cheng

Rong

Pinto‐Tomás

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Examining the population structure and the influence of recombination and ecology on microbial populations makes great sense for understanding microbial evolution and speciation. Streptomycetes are a diverse group of bacteria that are widely distributed in nature and a rich source of useful bioactive compounds; however, they are rarely subjected to population genetic investigations. In this study, we applied a five-gene-based multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) scheme to 41 strains of Streptomyces albidoflavus derived from diverse sources, mainly insects, sea, and soil. Frequent recombination was detected in S. albidoflavus, supported by multiple lines of evidence from the pairwise homoplasy index (⌽ w ) test, phylogenetic discordance, the Shimodaira-Hasegawa (SH) test, and network analysis, underpinning the predominance of homologous recombination within Streptomyces species. A strong habitat signal was also observed in both phylogenetic and Structure 2.3.3 analyses, indicating the importance of ecological difference in shaping the population structure. Moreover, all three habitat-associated groups, particularly the entomic group, demonstrated significantly reduced levels of gene flow with one another, generally revealing habitat barriers to recombination. Therefore, a combined effect of homologous recombination and ecology is inferred for S. albidoflavus, where dynamic evolution is at least partly balanced by the extent that differential distributions of strains among habitats limit genetic exchange. Our study stresses the significance of ecology in microbial speciation and reveals the coexistence of homologous recombination and ecological divergence in the evolution of streptomycetes. Despite various currently available approaches to defining prokaryotic species and a growing recognition of their vast diversity in nature, the concept of microbial species has long been under dispute due to their widespread genomic heterogeneity and variable levels of gene exchange (1-3). Genetic clusters that emerge in molecular sequence analyses of populations are often regarded as bearing the status of species, and multiple theoretical models to resolve the evolutionary mechanisms that cause the creation and maintenance of the genetic clusters have been proposed (3, 4). Until now, two major parallel concepts of microbial species have been developed, focused on barriers to recombination and ecological divergence, respectively (4): the neutral model, raised by Fraser and colleagues (3, 5), highlights the role of recombination in converging and diverging clusters with various recombination rates, while the ecotype model, developed by Cohan and colleagues (6, 7), defines an ecotype as a group of ecologically similar strains which is purged of its diversity by periodic selection and/or genetic drift. Consequently, recombination and divergent selection have emerged as two key processes driving the increasing discussion concerning theoretical models of microbial speciation. Moreover, coexistence of these processes has been suggeste...

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“…Antimycins are known to be produced by a hybrid non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)/polyketide synthase (PKS) assembly biosynthetic pathway [26]. Our assumption was supported by the established presence of genes encoding NRPS in marine S. odorifer DSM 40347 isolated from the sponge Halichondria panicea by Schneemann et al [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Endophytic Streptomyces sp. AC35, a producer of bioactive isoflavone aglycones and antimycins

Ondrejíčková

Šturdíková

Hushegyi

et al. 2016

Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology

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In this research, a microbial endophytic strain obtained from the rhizosphere of the conifer Taxus baccata and designated as Streptomyces sp. AC35 (FJ001754.1 Streptomyces, GenBank) was investigated. High 16S rDNA gene sequence similarity suggests that this strain is closely related to S. odorifer. The major fatty acid profile of intracellular lipids was also carried out to further identify this strain. Atomic force microscopy and scanning acoustic microscopy were used to image our strain. Its major excreted substances were extracted, evaluated for antimicrobial activity, purified, and identified by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance as the bioactive isoflavone aglycones-daidzein, glycitein and genistein. Batch cultivation, performed under different pH conditions, revealed enhanced production of antimycin components when the pH was stable at 7.0. Antimycins were detected by HPLC and identified by UV-vis and LC-MS/MS combined with the multiple reaction monitoring. Our results demonstrate that Streptomyces sp. AC35 might be used as a potential source of effective, pharmaceutically active compounds.

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The regulation and biosynthesis of antimycins

Cited by 55 publications

References 46 publications

Coordinate Regulation of Antimycin and Candicidin Biosynthesis

Coordinate Regulation of Antimycin and Candicidin Biosynthesis

Population Genetic Analysis of Streptomyces albidoflavus Reveals Habitat Barriers to Homologous Recombination in the Diversification of Streptomycetes

Endophytic Streptomyces sp. AC35, a producer of bioactive isoflavone aglycones and antimycins

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