The regional innovations governance: Slovakia with regard to convergence criteria

Abstract

The introduction of the euro in Europe is subject to several criteria. In 1979, the European Community created the «European Exchange Rate Mechanism» (ERM). On 16 April, 2003, Slovakia, together with nine other countries, signed the EU Accession Treaty in Athens. These countries promised to adopt the single currency (the euro). It has been 10 years since the introduction of the euro in Slovakia. It stands to highlight factors that have contributed to the economic, innovation development experienced in recent years regarding introducing a single currency. This article aims to briefly introduce the euro area and present each country's accession in historical order. the authors presented the general conditions for introducing the euro and then went on to the events related to the regional innovations governance of Slovakia. Using the data from the statistical site Eurostat, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to indicate the closeness of relationships between the average values of inflation and government deficit and the average values of inflation and the public debt. The limitations of the research are that Eurostat's values are only indicative and, in the event of a possible accession, EU bodies would certainly use other, more reliable data. Furthermore, the ERM II criterion for joining the euro area cannot be examined due lack of statistics available on the Slovak koruna's value after the introduction. Another limitation is that the EU sometimes makes adjustments to calculating inflation and average nominal long-term interest rates. There is a lack of a significant relationship between the examined variables in the case of Slovakia. Based on the 2018 inflation rate, the introduction would not have been possible, as it was slightly higher (2.5 per cent) than the limit (2.23 per cent). Therefore, the authors assumed that Slovakia had adopted the euro on time, as if it had not done so on 1 January 2009, it would probably have had to wait a few years for the new opportunity. Although their results are only indicative and not decisive without taking ERM II into account, it is possible to do without specific indicators.

China’s Digital Economy Development: Incentives and Challenges

“…Besides, they become the core element of economic growth among different countries (Carlsson, 2004;Zhang & Chen, 2019;Tkachenko et al, 2019;Kwilinski, 2019;Kostetskyi, 2021). Through the deep integration of digital technology, informatization, networking and intelligence, digital technology and the real economy are deeply integrated to speed up the reconstruction of a new economic development model and governance model (Tapscott & Agnew, 2000;Linkov et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2015;Korcsmaros et al, 2021). At present, the development of digital economy (DDE) in China is showing a rapid trend, maintaining the status of a global digital economy power.…”

“…The DDE plays a crucial role in promoting China's economic growth, and economic growth also provides a continuous driving force for the DDE (Yin et al, 2019;Zhang & Chen, 2019;Jiang, 2020). The experts and scientific networks (Tapscott & Agnew, 2000;Korcsmaros et al, 2021;Yin et al, 2019) intensify the investigation of the landscape of the DDE, defining the core dimensions of the development, analysing the relationship between economic, social, environmental and digital development, and forecasting the transformation of the economy structure depending on digital development, analysing of the optimal ratio of resources for DDE.…”