The refractivity intercept and the specific refraction equation of Newton. I. development of the refractivity intercept and comparison with specific refraction equations

Kurtz, S. S.; Ward, Alan

doi:10.1016/s0016-0032(36)90986-9

Cited by 107 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…Another empirical relation is the Lichtenecker (L) or Lichtenecker-Rother equation (Lichtenecker 1926;Lichtenecker and Rother 1931;Heller 1945) which, as Simpkin (2010) showed, in fact, has a theoretical basis and can be derived from Maxwell's equations: while relatively common Newton (N) equation (Newton 1704;Kurtz and Ward 1936;Reis et al 2010) also has a theoretical foundation:…”

Section: Refractive Index Density and Viscosity Tuningmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of solid–fluid selection options for optical-based measurements in single-phase liquid, two-phase liquid–liquid and multiphase solid–liquid flows

2017

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Experimental techniques based on optical measurement principles have experienced significant growth in recent decades. They are able to provide detailed information with high-spatiotemporal resolution on important scalar (e.g., temperature, concentration, and phase) and vector (e.g., velocity) fields in single-phase or multiphase flows, as well as interfacial characteristics in the latter, which has been instrumental to step-changes in our fundamental understanding of these flows, and the development and validation of advanced models with ever-improving predictive accuracy and reliability. Relevant techniques rely upon well-established optical methods such as direct photography, laser-induced fluorescence, laser Doppler velocimetry/phase Doppler anemometry, particle image/tracking velocimetry, and variants thereof. The accuracy of the resulting data depends on numerous factors including, importantly, the refractive indices of the solids and liquids used. The best results are obtained when the observational materials have closely matched refractive indices, including test-section walls, liquid phases, and any suspended particles. This paper reviews solid–liquid and solid–liquid–liquid refractive-index-matched systems employed in different fields, e.g., multiphase flows, turbomachinery, bio-fluid flows, with an emphasis on liquid–liquid systems. The refractive indices of various aqueous and organic phases found in the literature span the range 1.330–1.620 and 1.251–1.637, respectively, allowing the identification of appropriate combinations to match selected transparent or translucent plastics/polymers, glasses, or custom materials in single-phase liquid or multiphase liquid–liquid flow systems. In addition, the refractive indices of fluids can be further tuned with the use of additives, which also allows for the matching of important flow similarity parameters such as density and viscosity

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Section: Refractive Index Density and Viscosity Tuningmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of solid–fluid selection options for optical-based measurements in single-phase liquid, two-phase liquid–liquid and multiphase solid–liquid flows

2017

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“…Hence although the basic concept 3, p. 134 (section II) does not seem usefully valid for the methyl groups, the simplifying assumption that the value of (3 remains unchanged for the isoparaffins was retained. 16 It is shown later that a value, a', modified to fit the data on the isoparaffins is applicable to all the classes of hydrocarbons considered, with few exceptions. Since the identity of the normal paraffins need never be in doubt, the efficacy of this method for the determination of the structure of hydrocarbons is not impaired and the derivation of a may be considered as merely a step in the process of obtaining the more general coefficient, a'.…”

Section: --------------------mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is to be expected since the group contains only one O-H bond, and its absorption is therefore relatively weak. 16. See Wulf [a7] for a discussion of this point.…”

Section: Isoparaffinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of effective methods for classifying unknown hydrocarbons and their mixtures according to the general or average type of molecule have been developed and used extensively in recent years. These methods include the use of the molecular volume [4], the viscosity index [4,5,6,7,8], the specific refraction [9], the specific dispersion [9,10,11,12,13,14], the viscosity-gravity index [15], refractivity intercept [16], etc. But known properties which yield information concerning the actual structural units of hydrocarbon molecules are rare .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative analysis, with respect to the component structural groups, of the infrared (1 to 2 mu) molal absorptive indices of 55 hydrocarbons

Rose¹

1938

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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“…In the present investigation, we have tested five mixing rules for refractive index proposed by LL, EJ, W, GD, Nw, AB, and H, [12][13][14][15][16] and six mixing rules for static permittivity proposed by Looyenga, Kraszewski, Lglesias-Peon, Lichtenecker-Rotter, Bottcher and Bruggeman.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric studies of binary mixtures of ethylene glycol mono phenyl ether with 1-butanol at different temperatures

Chaube

Rana

2017

J. Adv. Dielect.

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Static permittivity ("), refractive index (n) and density () of binary mixtures of ethylene glycol mono phenyl ether (EGMPE) with 1-butanol (1-BuOH) over the entire range of mole fraction and at temperatures (T ¼ 303:15, 313.15 and 323.15 K) have been measured. From the experimental data, parameters such as excess static permittivity (" E ), excess permittivity at optical frequency (" E 1 ), effective Kirkwood correlation factor (g eff ), corrective Kirkwood correlation factor (g f ) and Bruggeman factor (f b ) have been calculated to obtain qualitative and quantitative information about the complex formation through H-bond in binary system. In order to predict the static permittivity of polar-polar binary mixtures six mixing rules were applied and for refractive index five mixing rule were applied. Experimental results of permittivity (") and refractive index (n) are compared with those obtained from theoretical calculations. Excess parameters were fitted to the Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation.

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The refractivity intercept and the specific refraction equation of Newton. I. development of the refractivity intercept and comparison with specific refraction equations

Cited by 107 publications

References 0 publications

A review of solid–fluid selection options for optical-based measurements in single-phase liquid, two-phase liquid–liquid and multiphase solid–liquid flows

A review of solid–fluid selection options for optical-based measurements in single-phase liquid, two-phase liquid–liquid and multiphase solid–liquid flows

Quantitative analysis, with respect to the component structural groups, of the infrared (1 to 2 mu) molal absorptive indices of 55 hydrocarbons

Dielectric studies of binary mixtures of ethylene glycol mono phenyl ether with 1-butanol at different temperatures

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