The redox signal: A physiological perspective

Margaritelis, Nikos V.; Chatzinikolaou, Panagiotis N.; Chatzinikolaou, Alexandros N.; Paschalis, Vassilis; Theodorou, Anastasios A.; Vrabas, Ioannis S.; Kyparos, Antonios; Nikolaidis, Michalis G.

doi:10.1002/iub.2550

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…It seems thus, although an important amount of data from clinical studies are nowadays available for several redox biomarkers and diseases, [58][59][60] none of them has been linked quantitatively to a meaningful change (improvement or deterioration) of a physiological or clinical outcome. 61,62 Apparently, several analytical issues exist in redox biology measurements; 63 however, in our point of view, MCIDs can be of critical importance in order to enrich redox measurements with a translational potential, at least as a preliminary step, bearing in mind that no redox biomarker is used in clinical practice. 64 Based on the above, it becomes evident that much work needs to be done at a fundamental level in the field of redox biology to rationalize personalized redox treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was the reason why we used only SWC in our redox analyses, given that the present study was not designed to determine and define redox MCIDs. It seems thus, although an important amount of data from clinical studies are nowadays available for several redox biomarkers and diseases, 58–60 none of them has been linked quantitatively to a meaningful change (improvement or deterioration) of a physiological or clinical outcome 61,62 . Apparently, several analytical issues exist in redox biology measurements; 63 however, in our point of view, MCIDs can be of critical importance in order to enrich redox measurements with a translational potential, at least as a preliminary step, bearing in mind that no redox biomarker is used in clinical practice 64 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter‐individual variability in redox and performance responses after antioxidant supplementation: A randomized double blind crossover study

Margaritelis,

Nastos,

Vasileiadou

et al. 2023

Acta Physiologica

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Aim We aimed to investigate the inter‐individual variability in redox and physiological responses of antioxidant‐deficient subjects after antioxidant supplementation. Methods Two hundred individuals were sorted by plasma vitamin C levels. A low vitamin C group (n = 22) and a control group (n = 22) were compared in terms of oxidative stress and performance. Subsequently, the low vitamin C group received for 30 days vitamin C (1 g) or placebo, in randomized, double‐blind, crossover fashion, and the effects were examined through a mixed‐effects model, while individual responses were calculated. Results The low vitamin C group exhibited lower vitamin C (−25 μmol/L; 95%CI[−31.7, −18.3]; p < 0.001), higher F2‐isoprostanes (+17.1 pg/mL; 95%CI[6.5, 27.7]; p = 0.002), impaired VO2max (−8.2 mL/kg/min; 95%CI[−12.8, −3.6]; p < 0.001) and lower isometric peak torque (−41.5 Nm; 95%CI[−61.8, −21.2]; p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Regarding antioxidant supplementation, a significant treatment effect was found in vitamin C (+11.6 μmol/L; 95%CI[6.8, 17.1], p < 0.001), F2‐isoprostanes (−13.7 pg/mL; 95%CI[−18.9, −8.4], p < 0.001), VO2max (+5.4 mL/kg/min; 95%CI[2.7, 8.2], p = 0.001) and isometric peak torque (+18.7; 95%CI[11.8, 25.7 Nm], p < 0.001). The standard deviation for individual responses (SDir) was greater than the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) for all variables indicating meaningful inter‐individual variability. When a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was set, inter‐individual variability remained for VO2max, but not for isometric peak torque. Conclusion The proportion of response was generally high after supplementation (82.9%–95.3%); however, a few participants did not benefit from the treatment. This underlines the potential need for personalized nutritional interventions in an exercise physiology context.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter‐individual variability in redox and performance responses after antioxidant supplementation: A randomized double blind crossover study

Margaritelis,

Nastos,

Vasileiadou

et al. 2023

Acta Physiologica

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“…Redox signaling processes concern all these pathways, which present an increase or decrease of reactive species [ 9 ]. Herein, we present a brief overview of the main cellular pathways affected by these processes, which will be subsequently addressed more in-depth for their correlation with the pathogenesis of neurological disorders.…”

Section: Cellular Pathways Of Redox Imbalancementioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Imbalance in Neurological Disorders in Adults and Children

et al. 2023

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Oxygen is a central molecule for numerous metabolic and cytophysiological processes, and, indeed, its imbalance can lead to numerous pathological consequences. In the human body, the brain is an aerobic organ and for this reason, it is very sensitive to oxygen equilibrium. The consequences of oxygen imbalance are especially devastating when occurring in this organ. Indeed, oxygen imbalance can lead to hypoxia, hyperoxia, protein misfolding, mitochondria dysfunction, alterations in heme metabolism and neuroinflammation. Consequently, these dysfunctions can cause numerous neurological alterations, both in the pediatric life and in the adult ages. These disorders share numerous common pathways, most of which are consequent to redox imbalance. In this review, we will focus on the dysfunctions present in neurodegenerative disorders (specifically Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and pediatric neurological disorders (X-adrenoleukodystrophies, spinal muscular atrophy, mucopolysaccharidoses and Pelizaeus–Merzbacher Disease), highlighting their underlining dysfunction in redox and identifying potential therapeutic strategies.

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“…Damage from aberrant reactivity of free radicals could be a combination of a raised environmental derived free radical burden and antioxidant deficit. It should however be borne in mind that low-level of oxidative stress may be beneficial to the organism especially in signaling in the immune system (Pizzino et al, 2017;Flohé, 2020;Margaritelis et al, 2022).…”

Section: The Concept Of Oxidative Stress and Its Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Pollutants and Oxidative Stress in Terrestrial and Aquatic Organisms: Examination of the Total Picture and Implications for Human Health

et al. 2022

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There is current great international concern about the contribution of environmental pollution to the global burden of disease particularly in the developing, low- and medium-income countries. Industrial activities, urbanization, developmental projects as well as various increased anthropogenic activities involving the improper generation, management and disposal of pollutants have rendered today’s environment highly polluted with various pollutants. These pollutants include toxic metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides and diesel exhaust particles most of which appear to be ubiquitous as well as have long-term environmental persistence with a wide range of toxicities such as oxidative stress among others. Oxidative stress, which may arise from increased production of damaging free radicals emanating from increased pollutant burden and depressed bioavailability of antioxidant defenses causes altered biochemical and physiological mechanisms and has been implicated in all known human pathologies most of which are chronic. Oxidative stress also affects both flora and fauna and plants are very important components of the terrestrial environment and significant contributors of nutrients for both man and animals. It is also remarkable that the aquatic environment in which sea animals and creatures are resident is also highly polluted, leading to aquatic stress that may affect the survival of the aquatic animals, sharing in the oxidative stress. These altered terrestrial and aquatic environments have an overarching effect on human health. Antioxidants neutralize the damaging free radicals thus, they play important protective roles in the onset, progression and severity of the unmitigated generation of pollutants that ultimately manifest as oxidative stress. Consequently, human health as well as that of aquatic and terrestrial organisms may be protected from environmental pollution by mitigating oxidative stress and employing the principles of nutritional medicine, essentially based on antioxidants derived mainly from plants, which serve as the panacea of the vicious state of environmental pollutants consequently, the health of the population. Understanding the total picture of oxidative stress and integrating the terrestrial and aquatic effects of environmental pollutants are central to sustainable health of the population and appear to require multi-sectoral collaborations from diverse disciplinary perspectives; basically the environmental, agricultural and health sectors.

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The redox signal: A physiological perspective

Cited by 8 publications

References 100 publications

Inter‐individual variability in redox and performance responses after antioxidant supplementation: A randomized double blind crossover study

Inter‐individual variability in redox and performance responses after antioxidant supplementation: A randomized double blind crossover study

Redox Imbalance in Neurological Disorders in Adults and Children

Environmental Pollutants and Oxidative Stress in Terrestrial and Aquatic Organisms: Examination of the Total Picture and Implications for Human Health

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