The Recovery Framework in Rehabilitation and Mental Health

Spaniol, LeRoy; Gagne, Cheryl; Koehler, Martin

doi:10.1007/0-306-47893-5_4

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…That is, some studies have demonstrated that autistic children and adults are perceived negatively, whereas others suggest that they are perceived positively, and still others find that perceptions vary as a function of the behavior displayed and whether they are identified as autistic. [4][5][6][7][8][9] Most studies have relied on a single methodology, namely explicit selfreport measures.…”

Section: Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Autistic Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 Health care professionals similarly have negative perceptions about children with developmental disorders such as the perception that they are unintelligent. 9 Neurotypical adults perceive autistic children more negatively, ascribing traits such as ''awkward'' to them. 7 In addition, neurotypical adults and adolescents per-ceive autistic adults more negatively (e.g., more awkward, less likeable) than neurotypical adults, have misconceptions about autism, and are less willing to engage with autistic adults during a first meeting than neurotypical adults.…”

Section: Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Autistic Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Autistic Adults

Dickter

Burk

Zeman

et al. 2020

Autism in Adulthood

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Background: Research examining attitudes toward autistic adults has relied on explicit self-report measures, which may be susceptible to socially desirable responding. Because implicit attitudes predict behavioral rejection, understanding both implicit and explicit attitudes toward autistic adults is important. Furthermore, previous research has almost exclusively examined attitudes toward autistic children and has not investigated attitudes toward autistic adults who may also experience prejudice from their peers. Methods: We created an implicit association test (IAT) to examine implicit attitudes toward autistic adults. In Study 1, we examined 94 neurotypical adults' (mean [M] age = 31.37 years) implicit attitudes and explicit attitudes toward autistic adults as well as autistic behaviors. In Study 2 (n = 137; M age = 33.43 years), we assessed the same variables using an IAT with descriptive rather than stereotypical words. Results: Participants from both studies demonstrated negative implicit attitudes but positive explicit attitudes toward autistic adults. In Study 2, analyses examining self-reported traits related to autism revealed that more autistic behaviors were associated with less implicit bias. Conclusions: These findings may help explain why autistic adults report discrimination from their peers. The results suggest that there may be benefits in modifying interventions that reduce implicit bias toward other marginalized groups for use with implicit bias against autistic adults. Lay SummaryWhy was this study done?The goal of this study was to understand how neurotypical adults in the United States feel and think about autistic adults. Negative attitudes can lead to discrimination against autistic adults or to harmful interactions between autistic and neurotypical adults. Although research has previously examined the attitudes that neurotypical adults have toward autistic adults, most of this work has directly asked people about their attitudes, assessing their explicit, or conscious, attitudes. Neurotypical adults, however, may not be able or willing to admit that they have negative attitudes toward autistic adults. Therefore, it is important to evaluate implicit attitudes, which are underlying attitudes at the unconscious level of awareness. What was the purpose of this study?This study investigated the implicit and explicit attitudes that neurotypical adults in the general U.S. population have about autistic adults. Assessing both kinds of attitudes is important because each type of attitude predicts different sorts of behaviors toward and judgments of individuals.What did the researchers do?We conducted this study online using a crowdsourcing method of data collection (Amazon's Mechanical Turk) that gave us access to adults throughout the United States. We developed and administered a reaction-time task to examine implicit attitudes toward autistic adults. In this task, participants rapidly categorized words associated with autism and words not associated with autism as being ''good'' or ''bad.'' W...

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Section: Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Autistic Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Autistic Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Autistic Adults

Dickter

Burk

Zeman

et al. 2020

Autism in Adulthood

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Such social consequences are known to be related to poor health outcomes [11] and may ultimately create a barrier in the path to recovery (e.g. [23]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivations and experiences of volunteers and patients in mental health befriending: a thematic analysis

et al. 2019

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Background Volunteers frequently participate in befriending schemes with people with mental illness. This study aimed to explore the motivations and experiences of volunteer befrienders engaging in these schemes in addition to the experiences of befriending recipients. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 38 volunteers and 23 befriending recipients, across 12 mental health befriending schemes in the UK, and analysed using Thematic Analysis. Volunteers highlighted their motivations for wanting to befriend. Individuals discussed their experiences, including the benefits and any challenges. Results Analysis of interviews revealed the motivations for individuals to volunteer in mental health care, the experiences of both volunteers and recipients of befriending, as well as how complex the role of befriender is. The three overarching themes were (1) Personal growth & altruism as motivations for volunteering, (2) Impact of “doing things” versus “being there” and (3) Negotiating between professional role and friendship. Conclusions A number of personal and altruistic factors motivate individuals to volunteer in mental health care. The experiences of both volunteers and befriendees convey important factors affecting these relationships. In particular, the nuance of the befriending role and the ways in which it can impact the lives of recipients. Indeed, such factors need to be considered when formulating these befriending schemes.

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“…Studies showed that people with intellectual disabilities or other developmental disorders experience stigmatized treatment by frontline workers (Wahl & Harman 1989; Spaniol et al. 2003; Cooney et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attribution Model of Stigma towards Children with Autism in Hong Kong

Ling

Mak

Cheng

2010

Research Intellect Disabil

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Background Accounting for the effects of knowledge of and experience with autism, the relationships of cognitive attribution (perceived controllability), emotions (anger and sympathy), as well as helping and punitive behavioural intentions towards children with autism were examined. Based on the attribution model, mediating effects of anger and sympathy on cognitive attributions and behavioural intentions were tested. Materials and Methods 123 frontline staff in educational settings completed a modified version of the Attribution Questionnaire after reading a hypothetical vignette and completing a quiz on autism.Results Knowledge and experience were only significantly related to punitive behavioural intention towards children with autism. Anger and sympathy mediated the effect between perceived controllability on both helping and punitive behavioural intentions. Conclusions The intentional responses towards children with autism were strongly related to their emotional reactions. Thus, in addition to educating frontline staff about autism, training them on emotion regulation is equally important in autism stigma reduction.

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The Recovery Framework in Rehabilitation and Mental Health

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Autistic Adults

Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Autistic Adults

Motivations and experiences of volunteers and patients in mental health befriending: a thematic analysis

Attribution Model of Stigma towards Children with Autism in Hong Kong

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