The recovery and recycling of mercury from fluorescent lamps using photocatalytic techniques

Bussi, Juan; Cabrera, María Noel; Chiazzaro, JosÃ©; Canel, Carolina; Veiga, Santiago; Florencio, Carlos; Dalchiele, Enrique A.; Belluzzi, Marcelo

doi:10.1002/jctb.2313

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The leaching efficiency increased with increasing reactive solution concentration for either one of the reactive solutions (factor B). This observation was also reported previously in the literature (Bussi et al 2010). Increasing the solid matter content or the temperature alone was not sufficient to increase the leaching efficiency (factors BC^and BAC^).…”

Section: Leaching Experimentssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Since a wide range of pH and reaction times were reported in the literature (Twidwell and Thompson 2001;Hummer et al 2006;Bussi et al 2010), the impact of these parameters on the effectiveness of oxidative leaching was investigated by conducting preliminary tests for determining the concentrations of the reagents. According to these preliminary results, the leaching tests for each reactive solution were conducted at an agitation rate of 120 rpm, pH=7.5, and a process time of 2 or 5 h for the NaOCl/NaCl and KI/I 2 solutions, respectively.…”

Section: Determination Of the Initial Mercury Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another undesirable aspect of this process is the metal oxide or the metal hydroxide precipitation according to pH adjustment requirement. The buffer solution used to maintain the environmental pH at 5.5 during acidic leaching (HCl/HNO 3 ) was reported to cause the formation of yellow gel-like precipitates with aluminum or iron hydroxide content (Bussi et al 2010). Therefore, oxidative leaching using sodium hypochlorite/sodium chloride (NaOCl/NaCl) and potassium iodide/ iodine (KI/I 2 ) was conducted as efficient methods to extract mercury as an Hg(II) complex (mercury tetrachloride, HgCl 4 2− , and HgI 4 2− ) as given by Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovery of Mercury from Spent Fluorescent Lamps via Oxidative Leaching and Cementation

Coşkun

Civelekoğlu

2015

Water Air Soil Pollut

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In this work, the recovery of mercury from spent fluorescent lamps by oxidative leaching followed by cementation process was studied. Two different reactive solutions (NaOCl/NaCl and KI/I 2 ) during oxidative leaching were investigated whereas at the cementation process, metallic powders of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were used as reducing agents to capture mercury in solid phase. Mercury could be transferred to the solution with an efficiency of 96 % from the spent lamp samples through the NaOCl/NaCl reagent. The optimal leaching conditions were determined as 2-h contact time, 120 rpm agitation speed, pH 7.5, and 50°C of temperature. The reducing agent, Zn, provided 99 % of the cementation. The optimal process conditions were observed to be as 5-min contact time, pH 1, and 5 g L −1 of reducing agent concentration. This combined approach appears to be technically effective for the recovery of mercury from spent fluorescent lamps.

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Section: Leaching Experimentssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Determination Of the Initial Mercury Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovery of Mercury from Spent Fluorescent Lamps via Oxidative Leaching and Cementation

Coşkun

Civelekoğlu

2015

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…Jang et al (2005) applied a rotary shaking process using different mixtures of acids as extraction solutions, which removed 36% of the mercury. Bussi et al (2010) combined the extraction solution of sodium hypochlorite with a photocatalytic process in order to reduce the amount of mercury dissolved by using titanium oxide as a catalyst and citric acid as a reducing agent, with this method efficiencies of over 95% were achieved. The advantages of these methods are that they can operate under normal pressure and temperature conditions and in continuous mode, they have a low cost and they can be applied on both large and small scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of mercury bonded in residual glass from spent fluorescent lamps

Rey‐Raap¹,

Gallardo²

2013

Journal of Environmental Management

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The current technologies available for recycling fluorescent lamps do not completely remove the phosphor powder attached to the surface of the glass. Consequently, the glass contains the mercury diffused through the glass matrix and the mercury deposited in the phosphor powder that has not been removed during treatment at the recycling plant. A low-cost process, with just one stage, which can be used to remove the layer of phosphor powder attached to the surface of the glass and its mercury was studied. Several stirring tests were performed with different extraction mixtures, different liquid-solid ratios, and different agitation times. The value of the initial mercury concentration of the residual glass was 2.37±0.50µg/g. The maximum extraction percentage was 68.38%, obtained by stirring for 24 hours with a liquid-solid ratio of 10 and using an extraction solution with 5% of an acid mixture prepared with HCl and HNO 3 at a ratio of 3:1 by volume. On an industrial scale the contact time could be reduced to 8 hours without significantly lowering the percentage of mercury extracted. In fact, 64% of the mercury was extracted.2

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“…Since the amount of mercury introduced into a lamp can vary greatly from one unit to another (Bussi et al, 2010), in this study the distribution of mercury was determined in Master PL-C CFL that had the same characteristics (dimensions and watts), with the aim of obtaining a representative mean value of such devices. The toxicity of the glass obtained from each broken lamp was studied by applying UNE-EN 12457-1 on characterization of waste: leaching.…”

Section: Experimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of mercury distribution inside spent compact fluorescent lamps by atomic absorption spectrometry

Rey‐Raap

Gallardo

2012

Waste Management

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a b s t r a c tIn this study, spent compact fluorescent lamps were characterized to determine the distribution of mercury. The procedure used in this research allowed mercury to be extracted in the vapor phase, from the phosphor powder, and the glass matrix. Mercury concentration in the three phases was determined by the method known as cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Median values obtained in the study showed that a compact fluorescent lamp contained 24.52 ± 0.4 ppb of mercury in the vapor phase, 204.16 ± 8.9 ppb of mercury in the phosphor powder, and 18.74 ± 0.5 ppb of mercury in the glass matrix. There are differences in mercury concentration between the lamps since the year of manufacture or the hours of operation affect both mercury content and its distribution. The 85.76% of the mercury introduced into a compact fluorescent lamp becomes a component of the phosphor powder, while more than 13.66% is diffused through the glass matrix. By washing and eliminating all phosphor powder attached to the glass surface it is possible to classified the glass as a non-hazardous waste.

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The recovery and recycling of mercury from fluorescent lamps using photocatalytic techniques

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Recovery of Mercury from Spent Fluorescent Lamps via Oxidative Leaching and Cementation

Recovery of Mercury from Spent Fluorescent Lamps via Oxidative Leaching and Cementation

Removal of mercury bonded in residual glass from spent fluorescent lamps

Determination of mercury distribution inside spent compact fluorescent lamps by atomic absorption spectrometry

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