The record of historic earthquakes in lake sediments of Central Switzerland

Monecke, Katrin; Anselmetti, Flavio S.; Becker, Arnfried; Sturm, Michael; Giardini, Domenico

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2004.07.053

Cited by 166 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This earthquake reached an MSK intensity of 4.5 at the epicenter (Sisfrance database, BRGM, Lambert 1997 ). Compared to other studies documenting the impact of historical earthquakes on lacustrine sediments from European regions characterized by a moderate seismicity (Chapron et al 1999 ;Monecke et al 2004 ;Nomade et al 2005 ;Strasser and Anselmetti 2008 ), it seems that Lake Pavin organic rich sedimentation in littoral areas is unstable and easily remobilized when submitted to gravity accelerations associated with seismic waves propagation. Following the conclusions of Strasser and Anselmetti ( 2008 ) it is, however, also very likely that this limited remobilization of littoral sediments down to PAV08 coring site has been favored by the perturbation of subaqueous sediment pore pressure after the artifi cial lake level drop by ca.…”

Section: Impact Of Climate Human and Geological Hazards On Lake Pavicontrasting

confidence: 64%

Lake Pavin Paleolimnology and Event Stratigraphy

et al. 2016

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International audienceIn this chapter we present an up-to-date database of sedimentary sequences retrieved from Lake Pavin during the last 50 years in both oxic and anoxic waters. The detailed history of this mid Holocene crater lake can be reconstructed from the correlation of radiocarbon dated sedimentary sequences retrieved from the deep central basin, a subaquatic plateau and littoral environments. High-resolution measurements of sediment composition (diffuse spectral refl ectance, XRF core scanning) combined with the analysis of organic matter composition and preliminary pollen and diatom assemblages investigations on selected sediment cores are used to reconstruct (i) the evolution since ca. 7000 cal BP of Lake Pavin limnology together with its radiocarbon reservoir effect and (ii) the impact of a wide range of subaquatic slope failure events. Such a multidisciplinary approach of Lake Pavin basin fi ll revealed contrasted sedimentation patterns just after the volcanic eruption and following the development of a dense vegetation cover along the slopes of the crater. Pavin sedimenta-tion is rapidly and largely dominated by organic rich and fi nely laminated diatomite formation , but several short periods of enhanced mineral inputs might refl ect the infl uence of wetter periods, such as the Little Ice Age. Over the last millennium two large subaquatic mass wasting events are also identifi ed and may have signifi cantly impacted its limnology

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Section: Impact Of Climate Human and Geological Hazards On Lake Pavicontrasting

confidence: 64%

Lake Pavin Paleolimnology and Event Stratigraphy

et al. 2016

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“…Folded and mixed beds of the deformed layer are similar characteristics to the so-called "mixed layers" that result from shear stress applied to poorly consolidated sediments during strong earthquake shaking (e.g. Marco et al, 1996;Rodriguez-Pascua et al, 2010;Migowski et al, 2004;Monecke et al, 2004). Accordingly, the deformed layer is interpreted as the result of strong earthquake shaking.…”

Section: Trigger Of Msb Hb Gb-iii and The Deformed Layermentioning

confidence: 94%

“…All historical earthquakes are plotted in a "distance vs. epicentral MSK intensity" diagram (e.g. Monecke et al, 2004;Wilhelm et al, 2016b) where the recorded earthquakes are highlighted in red (Fig. 8a).…”

Section: Earthquake Record and Lake Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-centennial record of past floods and earthquakes in Valle d'Aosta, Mediterranean Italian Alps

Wilhelm

Vogel

Anselmetti

2017

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Mediterranean Alpine populations are particularly exposed to natural hazards like floods and earthquakes because of both the close Mediterranean humidity source and the seismically active Alpine region. Knowledge of longterm variability in flood and earthquake occurrences is of high value since it can be useful to improve risk assessment and mitigation. In this context, we explore the potential of a lake-sediment sequence from Lago Inferiore de Laures in Valle d'Aosta (Northern Italy) as a long-term record of past floods and earthquakes. The high-resolution sedimentological study revealed 76 event layers over the last ca. 270 years; 8 are interpreted as most probably induced by earthquakes and 68 by flood events. Comparison to historical seismic data suggests that the recorded earthquakes are strong (epicentral Medvedev-Sponheuer-Kárník (MSK) intensity of VI-IX) and/or close to the lake (distance of 25-120 km). Compared to other lake-sediment sequences, Lago Inferiore de Laures sediments appear to be regionally the most sensitive to earthquake shaking, offering a great potential to reconstruct the past regional seismicity further back in time. Comparison to historical and palaeoflood records suggests that the flood signal reconstructed from Lago Inferiore de Laures sediments represents the regional and (multi-)decadal variability of summer-autumn floods well, in connection to Mediterranean mesoscale precipitation events. Overall, our results reveal the high potential of Lago Inferiore de Laures sediments to extend the regional earthquake and flood catalogues far back in time.

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“…Depending on the compaction level of sediments and the strength of the cyclic loading, in-situ soft sediment deformation processes take place in terms of either brittle or ductile deformation or both. At a certain depth from the water-sediment interface, where sediments are compacted enough, brittle deformation can be observed in terms of microfaults (e.g., Seilacher, 1969;Monecke et al, 2004;Beck, 2009). On the other hand, in less-consolidated sediments, which are closer to the watersediment interface, cyclic loading may result in ductile deformations like microfolds (Monecke et al, 2004), loadcasts (Sims, 1973;Hibsch et al, 1997;Moretti and Sabato, 2007), pseudonodules (Sims, 1973;Migowski et al, 2004;Monecke et al, 2004) and liquefaction/fluidization/fluid-escape structures (Lignier et al, 1998;Chapron et al, 2004;Moernaut et al, 2007;Beck, 2009).…”

Section: Earthquake Sedimentary Records In Lacustrine Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, in less-consolidated sediments, which are closer to the watersediment interface, cyclic loading may result in ductile deformations like microfolds (Monecke et al, 2004), loadcasts (Sims, 1973;Hibsch et al, 1997;Moretti and Sabato, 2007), pseudonodules (Sims, 1973;Migowski et al, 2004;Monecke et al, 2004) and liquefaction/fluidization/fluid-escape structures (Lignier et al, 1998;Chapron et al, 2004;Moernaut et al, 2007;Beck, 2009). In order to assign a seismic triggering mechanism to in-situ soft sediment deformations, researchers often seek for coeval occurrence of deformations at different locations in the lake basin (e.g., Becker et al, 2005;Monecke et al, 2004;Kagan et al, 2011) and temporal correlation of these deformations with known historical earthquakes (Fanetti et al, 2008;Beck, 2009). …”

Section: Earthquake Sedimentary Records In Lacustrine Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismically-triggered organic-rich layers in recent sediments from Göllüköy Lake (North Anatolian Fault, Turkey)

Avşar

Hubert‐Ferrari

Batist

et al. 2014

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Multi-proxy analyses on the sedimentary sequence of Göllüköy Lake, which is located on the eastern North Anatolian Fault (NAF), reveals a complete and high-resolution paleoseismic record for the last 650 years. Six sedimentary events are detected in a 3.1 m-long piston core. They form distinct organic-rich intercalations within the background sedimentation, which are characterized by strong anomalies on the loss-on-ignition (LOI) and total organic carbon (TOC) profiles, as well as by lighter colours on the X-ray radiographic images. Itrax micro-XRF core scanner data are also used to contribute to the detection and characterization of the event deposits. After the detection of the sedimentary events, their temporal correlation with the earthquakes in the historical seismicity catalogue of the NAF is tested. The youngest event is dated to 1940s by using 210 Pb and 137 Cs profiles in sediment, which coincides with the 1939 earthquake (M s = 7.7) on the NAF. The ages of the older five events are determined based on radiocarbon dating and regional time-stratigraphic correlation. Radiocarbon dating on the bulk sediment samples does not provide reliable results due to hard-water effect. On the other hand, dating on charcoals, Ephippia of Daphnia and phragmite remains significantly improves the results and implies a mean sedimentation rate of 0.28 cm/yr. Based on this preliminary sedimentation rate, we show that organic matter content variations through our record correlates with the varve-based δ 18 O record of Nar Lake, which is located 350 km southwest of Göllüköy Lake. Accordingly, high-precipitation/low-evaporation climatic episodes detected in Nar Lake are represented by higher organic matter content in Göllüköy sediments. Fine-tuning the Göllüköy LOI record to the Nar δ 18 O record reveals that the ages of the sedimentary events in Göllüköy match with well-known historical earthquakes that occurred around the lake. Finally, the origin of the organic-rich intercalations is discussed based on macroscopic observations and organic geochemistry. The events are attributed to reworked organic matter eroded from the lake's littoral zone by seismically-induced water oscillations (seiche), and their subsequent deposition at the middle parts of the lake. These seismically-induced events are atypical compared to the classic earthquake-triggered sedimentary processes in lacustrine environments, which are shortly reviewed in order to emphasize the unusual Göllüköy Lake record.

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The record of historic earthquakes in lake sediments of Central Switzerland

Cited by 166 publications

References 30 publications

Lake Pavin Paleolimnology and Event Stratigraphy

Lake Pavin Paleolimnology and Event Stratigraphy

A multi-centennial record of past floods and earthquakes in Valle d'Aosta, Mediterranean Italian Alps

Seismically-triggered organic-rich layers in recent sediments from Göllüköy Lake (North Anatolian Fault, Turkey)

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