The Recent Advances in the Utility of Microbial Lipases: A Review

Abstract

Lipases are versatile biocatalysts and are used in different bioconversion reactions. Microbial lipases are currently attracting a great amount of attention due to the rapid advancement of enzyme technology and its practical application in a variety of industrial processes. The current review provides updated information on the different sources of microbial lipases, such as fungi, bacteria, and yeast, their classical and modern purification techniques, including precipitation and chromatographic separation, the immunopurification technique, the reversed micellar system, aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), aqueous two-phase flotation (ATPF), and the use of microbial lipases in different industries, e.g., the food, textile, leather, cosmetics, paper, and detergent industries. Furthermore, the article provides a critical analysis of lipase-producing microbes, distinguished from the previously published reviews, and illustrates the use of lipases in biosensors, biodiesel production, and tea processing, and their role in bioremediation and racemization.

Screening biosurfactant‐producing actinomycetes: Identification of Streptomyces sp. RP1 as a potent species for bioremediation

“…In this study, cell-free broth was used to test for biosurfactant production, which allows for the possibility of strains not producing extracellular biosurfactants but still being positive for lipase activity. The production of lipase from actinomycetes isolates is, nonetheless, crucial, as the enzyme is responsible for the treatment of residues that are rich in oils and fats as well as the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons [44,45], which makes them useful for bioremediation in oil-contaminated environments. The focus of this study was not just on the number of screenings but on the selection of appropriate methods.…”

“…RP1 also showed high emulsification activities against kerosene and engine oil. These characteristics, namely strong emulsifying properties, and the ability to synthesize lipase, are crucial factors in hydrocarbon degradation [45]. Moreover, the ability of the isolate to reduce surface tension suggests that its biosurfactant can enhance the bioavailability of insoluble compounds [46], a critical aspect of the biodegradation process.…”

Hydrophobic Clusters Regulate Surface Hydration Dynamics of Bacillus subtilis Lipase A

“…Lipases have several biotechnologically interesting characteristics. − The extracellular lipolytic activity of Bacillus subtilis was first observed in 1979 by Kennedy and Lennarz . However, intensive molecular research did not start over a decade later in 1992, with the cloning and sequencing of a lipase gene, lipA (lipaseA), followed by recombinant expression, purification, and functional and structural characterizations …”

A lipase gene of Thermomyces lanuginosus: sequence analysis and high-efficiency expression in Pichia pastoris

“…It releases diglycerol, monoglycerol, glycerol and fatty acids by catalyzing hydrolysis of ester bonds of triacylglycerol 1,2 . Compared with chemical catalytic pathway, lipase catalysis is environmentally friendly and sustainable, and can be widely used in textile, paper, food, bioenergy, chemical and detergent industries 3 . Lipase comes from animals, plants and microorganism.…”