The Real‐Time Automated Monitoring System for Lateral Deflection of Underground Structures

Abstract

The lateral wall deflection is the most intuitive parameter to reveal the stability and safety of underground excavations. The existing automated approaches, such as to serialize dozens of inclinometers along casing pipes, are too expensive to be applied in most common projects. To guarantee stable automation and lower the costs, a novel system based on strain measurement is proposed in this paper to achieve real-time automated monitoring of underground excavations. The specially designed components are highlighted to benefit the mass industrial production and rapid in situ assembly. By theoretical comparisons, the accuracy and resolution performance of the proposed strategy are demonstrated to be better than those of the traditional manual method. The applicability of the mentioned system was verified by an engineering case, from which it was demonstrated that the proposed system works well to predict the lateral wall deflection of underground excavations. The sensitivity of the monitored results to the boundary conditions is also carefully discussed. The designed system has broad application prospects to provide timely data for safety assessment to prevent the unexpected failure of underground excavation as well as other engineering structures with dangerous lateral deflection or movement.

2D-LiDAR-Sensor-Based Retaining Wall Displacement Measurement System

“…The existing techniques are divided into contact and non-contact measurement methods. In contact measurement methods [6][7][8][9][10][11], the lateral displacement data of the retaining wall are collected using different wireless communication technologies (WiFi, LoRa, 5G, and RFID) and conventional inclinometers, while the stability of the wall is evaluated using a separate analysis module. From these methods, measurement experts can determine the lateral displacement of the retaining wall without visiting the construction site, while the construction site manager can evaluate the stability of the retaining wall in real time.…”

“…To address the problems inclinometers have, several studies and techniques have been conducted and developed, respectively. These techniques are divided into contact (which use conventional inclinometers) [6][7][8][9][10][11] and non-contact measurement methods (which use the latest technologies such as laser and image sensors) [1][2][3][4][5][12][13][14][15][16][17] depending on the measurement method. On the one hand, contact measurement methods reduce the frequency at which measurement experts visit construction sites, since they can automatically collect measurement data using wireless network technologies and evaluate the stability of the retaining wall using said data.…”