The Reading the Mind in the Eyes test: validation of a French version and exploration of cultural variations in a multi-ethnic city

Prévost, Marie; Carrier, Marie‐Eve; Chowne, Gabrielle; Zelkowitz, Phyllis; Joseph, Lawrence; Gold, Ian

doi:10.1080/13546805.2013.823859

Cited by 78 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This task was the French version of the Reading the mind in the eyes task, as validated by Prevost et al (2013). Participants were presented with 37 images (one practice + 36 tests) each printed in black and white on A4 sheets of paper.…”

Section: Theory Of Mindmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destination memory and cognitive theory of mind in normal ageing

Haj

Raffard

Gély‐Nargeot

2015

Memory

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Destination memory is the ability to remember the destination to which a piece of information has been addressed (e.g., "Did I tell you about the promotion?"). This ability is found to be impaired in normal ageing. Our work aimed to link this deterioration to the decline in theory of mind. Forty younger adults (M age = 23.13 years, SD = 4.00) and 36 older adults (M age = 69.53 years, SD = 8.93) performed a destination memory task. They also performed the False-belief test addressing cognitive theory of mind and the Reading the mind in the eyes test addressing affective theory of mind. Results showed significant deterioration in destination memory, cognitive theory of mind and affective theory of mind in the older adults. The older adults' performance on destination memory was significantly correlated with and predicted by their performance on cognitive theory of mind. Difficulties in the ability to interpret and predict others' mental states are related to destination memory decline in older adults.

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Section: Theory Of Mindmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destination memory and cognitive theory of mind in normal ageing

Haj

Raffard

Gély‐Nargeot

2015

Memory

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“…A closer inspection of the difficulties of RMET items showed discrepancies from the studies conducted in USA, Spain, Germany, France, and Italy (Baron- Cohen et al, 2001;Fernández-Abascal et al, 2013;Pfaltz et al, 2013;Prevost et al, 2013;Vellante et al, 2013). For example, before being removed, item 01 was the most difficult item of the test, with only 37.1% of the participants choosing the correct answer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The test has shown evidences of validity and fair to good psychometric characteristics in numerous countries and languages (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste, & Plumb, 2001;Chapman et al, 2006;Fernández-Abascal, Cabello, Fernández-Berrocal, & Baron-Cohen, 2013;Irani et al, 2006;Pfaltz et al, 2013;Prevost et al, 2013;Vellante et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Validity of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test in a Brazilian Sample

Miguel

Caramanico

Huss

et al. 2017

Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto)

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Emotional expression is considered an important part of social interaction, with overt emotional behaviour functioning as nonverbal means of communication. The ability to express emotions conveys information regarding one's feelings, needs, intentions, and preoccupations, with specific bodily changes associated with their corresponding emotional states (Ekman, 2003;Matsumoto, Keltner, Shiota, O'Sullivan, & Frank, 2008;Niedenthal, Krauth-Gruber, & Ric, 2006;Strongman, 2003). This includes typical facial and bodily alterations whenever someone is, for instance, feeling angry during an unfair situation, or afraid of being exposed to a dangerous situation.As important as expression is the ability to adequately recognize manifestations of emotional states. Emotional perception is shown to correlate with social abilities (Chen, 2014) , and abstract (AR) and verbal reasoning (VR) tasks. RMET items were studied with Rasch model. Results indicate that its items are concentrated at a lower level of difficulty, lacking difficult items to assess higher levels of emotional perception. Both RMET and PEP showed significant correlations with AR and VR, corroborating other studies showing emotional perception is related to other types of intelligence. However the correlation between RMET and PEP was lower than expected (r = .43), suggesting perception of emotions in the eyes is only partially related to perception in the whole face.Keywords: facial expressions, intelligence, psychological assessment, item response theory Validade do Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test em uma Amostra BrasileiraResumo: O Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) é utilizado internacionalmente para avaliação da percepção emocional, mas são poucos os estudos de validade com amostras brasileiras. O teste foi respondido por 1440 participantes, juntamente com o Teste Informatizado de Percepção de Emoções Primárias (PEP) e provas de raciocínio abstrato (RA) e verbal (RV). Os itens do RMET foram estudados com modelo de Rasch. Os resultados indicaram que os itens estão concentrados em um nível menor de dificuldade, com falta de itens difíceis para avaliar níveis mais altos de percepção emocional. Tanto o RMET quanto o PEP mostraram correlações significativas com RA e RV, corroborando estudos que mostram que percepção emocional está relacionada a outros tipos de inteligência. Contudo a correlação entre RMET e PEP foi menor do que esperada (r = .43), sugerindo que percepção de emoção nos olhos está apenas parcialmente relacionada a percepção na face inteira.Palavras-chave: expressões faciais, inteligência, avaliação psicológica, teoria de resposta ao item Validez de la Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test en una Muestra BrasileñaResumen: La Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) se utiliza internacionalmente para evaluar la percepción emocional, pero son pocos los estudios de validez con muestras brasileñas. La prueba fue respondida por 1440 participantes, junto con la Prueba Computarizada de Percepción de Emociones Primarias (PEP), y tareas de razonamiento abs...

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“…While cognitive deficits broadly exist in the premorbid phase to the first episode of psychosis [13,47], ToM dysfunction may or may not directly play a role in cognitive developmental progress in the onset of psychosis-an issue that has yet to be resolved. Furthermore, the impact of cultural diversity on ToM performance has been documented in many cross-cultural comparative studies [35,36]. Therefore, to investigate performance on ToM tasks in a CHR sample that represents Eastern cultural backgrounds and one-fifth of the world's population would be valuable in addressing the abovementioned issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Faux pas recognition performance in a help-seeking population at clinical high risk of psychosis

Zhang

et al. 2015

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that patients with psychosis show impaired theory of mind (ToM). However, much remains to be understood as to whether ToM deficits occur in the premorbid or post-onset period of psychosis. Our primary aim was to examine empirically impairment on ToM tasks in a group of individuals with clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis. Fifty CHR participants identified through the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes and 52 age-/education-matched controls were assessed with a complete standard neuropsychological battery (the MCCB, MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery) and a social cognition assessment (Faux Pas Test, FPT). We then examined the association of baseline FPT performance with conversion to psychosis at 12-month follow-up. Compared with controls, the CHR group showed significantly poorer performances on the FPT and most MCCB domains. Significant positive correlations were found between faux pas detection and the MCCB domains of Attention/Vigilance and Working Memory in CHR participants when controlling for age and years of education. Mean scores on the FPT in 14 converters who were diagnosed with full-blown psychosis within 12 months were significantly lower than they were for non-converters. Impairments in ToM ability are acquired earlier in the prodromal stage of psychosis, along with general cognition (such as memory function) deficits. Declines in ToM ability may overlap with the progress of psychosis (the gradual loss insight), sharing similar neural substrates, and reflected by impairments in basic cognitive function.

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The Reading the Mind in the Eyes test: validation of a French version and exploration of cultural variations in a multi-ethnic city

Abstract: We report a French version with acceptable validity and good stability. The cultural differences observed support the idea that Asian culture does not use theory of mind to explain people's behaviours as much as North American people do.

Cited by 78 publications

References 44 publications

Destination memory and cognitive theory of mind in normal ageing

Destination memory and cognitive theory of mind in normal ageing

Validity of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test in a Brazilian Sample

Faux pas recognition performance in a help-seeking population at clinical high risk of psychosis

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