The Reaction of Acetylcholine and Other Carboxylic Acid Derivatives With Hydroxylamine, and Its Analytical Application

Hestrin, S.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)56740-5

Cited by 1,774 publications

(92 citation statements)

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“…The administration of D-galactose increased the activity of AchE and decreased the level of Ach [ 64 ]. In the animal model of AD, it has been shown that chronic administration of D-galactose leads to AchE activity alteration and death of cholinergic neurons [ 42 , 43 ]. Besides, it is well known that the administration of D-galactose triggers oxidative stress, resulting in cholinergic alterations through increased AchE activity and decreased Ach levels [ 63 , 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae) Alleviates Working Memory Impairment and Restores Neurochemical Alterations in the Prefrontal Cortex of D-Galactose-Treated Rats

Kandeda

Nguedia

Ayissi

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive cognitive dysfunction. However, pharmacological treatments are symptomatic and have many side effects, opening the opportunity to alternative medicine. This study investigated the antiamnesic effect of the aqueous extract of Ziziphus jujuba on D-galactose-induced working memory impairment in rats. Impairment of working memory was induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of D-galactose (350 mg/kg/day) to rats for 21 days. These animals were then subjected to object recognition and Y-maze tests. Rats with confirmed memory impairment were treated per os (p.o.) with tacrine (10 mg/kg), aspirin (20 mg/kg, p.o.), extract (41.5, 83, and 166 mg/kg, p.o.), and distilled water (10 mL/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days. At the end of the treatments, alteration in working memory was assessed using the above paradigms. Afterward, these animals were euthanized, and cholinergic, proinflammatory, and neuronal damage markers were analyzed in the prefrontal cortex. Rats administered D-galactose and treated with distilled water had impaired working memory (evidenced by decreased time spent on the novel object and discrimination index) and decreased spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze. D-galactose also decreased the levels of acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine and increased the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Treatment with the extract (166 mg/kg) reversed the time spent on the novel object and the discrimination index. It equally increased the percentage of spontaneous alternation. Neurochemical analysis revealed that the extract markedly alleviated acetylcholinesterase activity and neuroinflammation. These observations were corroborated by the reduction in neuronal loss. Taken together, these results suggest that Ziziphus jujuba aqueous extract possesses an antiamnesic effect. This effect seems to involve cholinergic and anti-inflammatory modulations. This, therefore, claims using this plant in the treatment of dementia in Cameroon subject to further studies and trials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acetylcholine (Ach) content was estimated using Hestrin's method [ 42 ]. Briefly, tissue was placed in a test tube, which was boiled for 10 min to denature the activity of AchE.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae) Alleviates Working Memory Impairment and Restores Neurochemical Alterations in the Prefrontal Cortex of D-Galactose-Treated Rats

Kandeda

Nguedia

Ayissi

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…Uronic acids can be identified by anion-exchange chromatography [24] or paper electrophoresis [15,16] and quantitatively determined by color reactions with mhydroxydiphenyl [25] or 3,5-dimethylphenol [26]. Colorimetry is used also for determination of acetate [27], whereas sulfate is determined by a turbidimetric procedure [28].…”

Section: Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Analysis of Fucoidans

Bilan

Усов

2008

Natural Product Communications

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Sulfated polysaccharides of brown algae ("fucoidans") constitute a wide variety of biopolymers from simple sulfated fucans up to complex heteropolysaccharides composed of several neutral monosaccharides, uronic acid and sulfate. The increased interest in this class of polysaccharides is explained by their high and versatile biological activities, and hence, by their possible use in new drug design. Structural analysis of several fucoidans demonstrates that their biological properties are determined not only by charge density, but also by fine chemical structure, although distinct correlations between structure and biological activity cannot be formulated at present. The aim of this review is to describe the methods of structural analysis currently used in fucoidan chemistry, and to discuss some new information on the structures of fucoidans presented in recent publications.

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“…Estimation of acetyl choline was carried according to the Hestrin method. 44 The content of acetylcholine was expressed as mg of Ach/gm weight of sciatic nerve tissue. 44…”

Section: Acetyl Choline Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sciatic Nerve Structural and Functional Recovery with Extract of Phyllanthus amarus and Esculetin in STZ-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats

Srilatha

Reddy

2019

Annals of Neurosciences

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Background: Diabetes-instigated nerve damage is a chronic complication including impaired peripheral nerve function with lowered nerve conduction velocity (NCV), demyelination of nerve fibres and alterations in the behaviour. Many clinical and experimental studies have proved that Phyllanthus amarus and esculetin have potential effects against various diseases. Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the neuroprotective role of hydro-ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus amaras (PAE) and esculetin (ESC) on NCV, metabolism, behavioural and structural changes in diabetic rats. Methods: The extent of protection using PAE and ESC in diabetic rats was determined by checking the HbA1c, NO, myeloperoxidase (MPO), total calcium, protein content, Na+-K+ ATPase activity, acetylcholine content and behavioural alterations using rotarod and maze learning tests on 7, 14 and 21 days. NCV was measured on the 21st day. Results: The diabetic rats showed increased HbA1c, nitrite, MPO, calcium and decreased protein, Na+-K+ ATPase activity, NCV, acetylcholine, behavioural alterations and morphological changes of sciatic nerve so that diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is manifested. Continuous treatment for three weeks with Phyllanthus amarus and esculetin significantly minimized the damage to axons and myelin sheath and enhanced the sciatic NCV by reversing all the mentioned parameters. Conclusion: Phyllanthus amarus and esculetin showed the anti-diabetic as well as anti-inflammatory characteristics by prevention of initiation of adverse processes of the sciatic nerve morphology, internal cell functions leading to improved coordination, behavioural and physiological functions in STZ-induced diabetic rats. PAE has shown similar effects with the ESC. However, further studies are essential to confirm their detailed therapeutic effects.

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The Reaction of Acetylcholine and Other Carboxylic Acid Derivatives With Hydroxylamine, and Its Analytical Application

Cited by 1,774 publications

References 12 publications

Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae) Alleviates Working Memory Impairment and Restores Neurochemical Alterations in the Prefrontal Cortex of D-Galactose-Treated Rats

Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae) Alleviates Working Memory Impairment and Restores Neurochemical Alterations in the Prefrontal Cortex of D-Galactose-Treated Rats

Structural Analysis of Fucoidans

Sciatic Nerve Structural and Functional Recovery with Extract of Phyllanthus amarus and Esculetin in STZ-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats

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