The ratio of 1/3 linoleic acid to alpha linolenic acid is optimal for oligodendrogenesis of embryonic neural stem cells

Hejr, Hossein; Ghareghani, Majid; Zibara, Kazem; Ghafari, Maryam; Sadri, Farzad; Salehpour, Zinab; Hamedi, Azadeh; Negintaji, Koresh; Azari, Hassan; Ghanbari, Amir

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.05.020

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…We have previously revealed that synthetic ALA increases the proliferation capacity of eNSCs at concentrations ranging between 25 and 100 μM, with an optimal concentration of 50 μM [6]. In this study, AHSO showed an increase in eNSCs proliferation, similarly to synthetic ALA at comparable concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Briefly, cells derived from the primary cultures of neurospheres were dissociated and then seeded on 96-well plates at a density of 5000 cells. Various concentrations of synthetic ALA or natural AHSO (25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 μM) were then used to treat the seeded cells for 48 h. Cells were maintained at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO 2 , as previously described [6]. After cell treatment, ALA and AHSO-containing media were removed and wells were gently washed twice with 1× PBS followed by the addition of 200 μl of fresh medium, containing 0.5 mg/ml of MTT, into each well.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the importance and function of other fatty acids (FAs) is under investigation. Recently, our team confirmed that alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 essential FA, causes an increase in proliferation and differentiation of cultured neural stem cell (NSCs) [6]. Previously, our team and others reported the proliferative activity of β-sitosterol, a phytosterol, on NSCs in vitro [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alyssum homolocarpum seed oil (AHSO), containing natural alpha linolenic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid and β-sitosterol, increases proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in vitro

Mahmoudi

Ghareghani

Zibara

et al. 2019

BMC Complement Altern Med

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Background Embryonic neural stem cells (eNSCs) are immature precursors of the central nervous system (CNS), with self-renewal and multipotential differentiation capacities. These are regulated by endogenous and exogenous factors such as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-based essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. Methods In this study, we investigated the effects of various concentrations of Alyssum homolocarpum seed oil (AHSO), containing natural ALA, stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA), and β-sitosterol, on proliferation and differentiation of eNSCs, in comparison to controls and to synthetic pure ALA. Results Treatment with natural AHSO (25 to 75 μM), similar to synthetic ALA, caused a significant ~ 2-fold increase in eNCSs viability, in comparison to controls. To confirm this proliferative activity, treatment of NSCs with 50 or 75 μM AHSO resulted in a significant increase in mRNA levels of notch1, hes-1 and Ki-67and NICD protein expression, in comparison to controls. Moreover, AHSO administration significantly increased the differentiation of eNSCs toward astrocytes (GFAP+) and oligodendrocytes (MBP+) in a dose dependent manner and was more potent than ALA, at similar concentrations, in comparison to controls. Indeed, only high concentrations of 100 μM AHSO, but not ALA, caused a significant increase in the frequency of neurons (β-III Tubulin+). Conclusion Our data demonstrated that AHSO, a rich source of ALA containing also other beneficial fatty acids, increased the proliferation and stimulated the differentiation of eNSCs. We suggest that AHSO’s effects are caused by β-sitosterol, SA and MA, present within this oil. AHSO could be used in diet to prevent neurodevelopmental syndromes, cognitive decline during aging, and various psychiatric disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alyssum homolocarpum seed oil (AHSO), containing natural alpha linolenic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid and β-sitosterol, increases proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in vitro

Mahmoudi

Ghareghani

Zibara

et al. 2019

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…The linoleic (omega-6) and alpha-linolenic (omega-3) fatty acids are two essential PUFAs that must come from diet, and they are also constituents of neuronal membrane phospholipids with a reported contribution to proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells [55]. Moreover, the importance of omega-3 fatty acids for the structure and function of neuronal membranes is also well-known [56,57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Psychostimulants and Antipsychotics on Serum Lipids in an Animal Model for Schizophrenia

et al. 2021

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Schizophrenia (SCZ) treatment is essentially limited to the use of typical or atypical antipsychotic drugs, which suppress the main symptoms of this mental disorder. Metabolic syndrome is often reported in patients with SCZ under long-term drug treatment, but little is known about the alteration of lipid metabolism induced by antipsychotic use. In this study, we evaluated the blood serum lipids of a validated animal model for SCZ (Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat, SHR), and a normal control rat strain (Normotensive Wistar Rat, NWR), after long-term treatment (30 days) with typical haloperidol (HAL) or atypical clozapine (CLZ) antipsychotics. Moreover, psychostimulants, amphetamine (AMPH) or lisdexamfetamine (LSDX), were administered to NWR animals aiming to mimic the human first episode of psychosis, and the effects on serum lipids were also evaluated. Discrepancies in lipids between SHR and NWR animals, which included increased total lipids and decreased phospholipids in SHR compared with NWR, were similar to the differences previously reported for SCZ patients relative to healthy controls. Administration of psychostimulants in NWR decreased omega-3, which was also decreased in the first episode of psychosis of SCZ. Moreover, choline glycerophospholipids allowed us to distinguish the effects of CLZ in SHR. Thus, changes in the lipid metabolism in SHR seem to be reversed by the long-term treatment with the atypical antipsychotic CLZ, which was under the same condition described to reverse the SCZ-like endophenotypes of this validated animal model for SCZ. These data open new insights for understanding the potential influence of the treatment with typical or atypical antipsychotics on circulating lipids. This may represent an outcome effect from metabolic pathways that regulate lipids synthesis and breakdown, which may be reflecting a cell lipids dysfunction in SCZ.

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“…Thus, the procedure for generating neurons from iPSCs in vitro, with improved efficiency through VPA incorporation in the medium, could prove valuable for exploring their therapeutic and other potential. Apart from VPA, polyunsaturated fatty acids like docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, and alpha linolenic acid have been well known to aid in the neural developmental process (Hejr et al, ; Kan, Melamed, Offen, & Green, ; Ma et al, ). Some fatty acid derivatives like Prostaglandin E2 also lead to better neurosphere development and synthesis of mature neural markers in neural stem cells (Wong et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved neural differentiation of normal and abnormal induced pluripotent stem cell lines in the presence of valproic acid

Fernandes

Vinnakota

Kumar

et al. 2019

J Tissue Eng Regen Med

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During the generation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from cord blood CD34+ cells, a line having complete trisomy of Chromosome 1 and deletion of q23 to qTer of Chromosome 11 was accidentally developed in our lab. The abnormality was consistently detected even at higher passages. These chromosomal anomalies are known to manifest neurological developmental defects. In order to examine if such defects occur during in vitro differentiation of the cell line, we set up a protocol for neural differentiation. Valproic acid (VPA) was earlier reported by us to enhance neural differentiation of placental mesenchymal stem cells. Here, we induced normal and abnormal iPSC lines to neural lineage with/without VPA. Neural differentiation was observed in all four sets, but for both the iPSCs lines, VPA sets performed better. The characteristics tested were morphology, neural filament length, detection of neural markers, and electrophysiology. In summary, the karyotypically abnormal line exhibited efficient neural differentiation. This iPSC line may serve as a useful tool to study abnormalities associated with trisomy 1 and deletion of q23 to qTer of Chromosome 11.

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The ratio of 1/3 linoleic acid to alpha linolenic acid is optimal for oligodendrogenesis of embryonic neural stem cells

Cited by 21 publications

References 43 publications

Alyssum homolocarpum seed oil (AHSO), containing natural alpha linolenic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid and β-sitosterol, increases proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in vitro

Alyssum homolocarpum seed oil (AHSO), containing natural alpha linolenic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid and β-sitosterol, increases proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in vitro

Effects of Psychostimulants and Antipsychotics on Serum Lipids in an Animal Model for Schizophrenia

Improved neural differentiation of normal and abnormal induced pluripotent stem cell lines in the presence of valproic acid

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