The Rate of Recuperation of Human Skin Following Irradiation

Duffy, James J.; Arneson, A. N.; Voke, Edward L.

doi:10.1148/23.4.486

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The effect of the earliest fractions has been diminished by repair processes by the time the later fractions are given, so that in extended fractionation a higher total dose must be given to produce the same effect as the equivalent single dose. This is the explanation commonly given (Du Sault, 1956;Andrews and Moody, 1956;Cohen, 1960), and various repair rates have been ascribed to tissues on the basis of the slope of the curve of total dose versus overall time (or number of fractions). A steeper iso-effect dose-time curve would on this basis mean a more rapid tissue repair.…”

Section: The Possible Explanations For the Increase Of Dose With Extementioning

confidence: 81%

“…Some results are already available for tumours in experimental animals (Du Sault, 1956;Barth, Bohmer and Wachsmann, 1959) and for tumours in human patients (De Moor, Durbach, Levin and Cohen, 1961), where good control of tumours was demonstrated for fewer and larger fractions. These results are consistent with the explanation based on size of individual fractions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He used equivalence with a brisk erythema (Di= 1,000 rads) as the end-point. Duffy, Arneson and Vokes (1934) and Quimby and MacComb (1937) used threshold erythema doses in a 10 X 10 cm field applied to the forearm, defined as the dose which produced perceptible erythema in 80 per cent of cases and no visible reaction in the remaining 20 per cent (Di= 550 rads).…”

Section: (C) Experiments On Skin Erythemamentioning

confidence: 99%

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II. Dose-time Relationships in Radiotherapy and the Validity of Cell Survival Curve Models

Fowler¹,

Stern²

1963

BJR

113

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Section: The Possible Explanations For the Increase Of Dose With Extementioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (C) Experiments On Skin Erythemamentioning

confidence: 99%

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II. Dose-time Relationships in Radiotherapy and the Validity of Cell Survival Curve Models

Fowler¹,

Stern²

1963

BJR

113

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“…The D50 of 6 Gy for brief irradiation is based on the data in Table 2.17. The X-ray dose resulting in erythema within 4 weeks in 1/2 of those exposed over a 100 cm2 area was also previously reported to be about 6 Gy (Langham et al, 1967;Duffy et al, 1934). Model parameters were judged t o be applicable to a 0.1 mm depth in the skin and to areas of 50 to 100 om2.…”

Section: Erythemamentioning

confidence: 89%

Health effects models for nuclear power plant accident consequence analysis: Low LET radiation: Part 2, Scientific bases for health effects models

Abrahamson¹,

Bender²,

Book³

et al. 1989

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This report provides dose-response models intended to be used in estimating the radiological health effects of nuclear power plant accidents. Models of early and continuing effects, cancers and thyroid nodules, and genetic effects are provided. Two-parameter Weibull hazard functions are recommended for estimating the risks of early and continuing health effects. Three potentially lethal early effects-the hematopoietic, pulmonary and gastrointestinal syndromes-are considered. In addition, models are provided for assessing the risks of several non-lethal early and continuing effectsincluding prodromal vomiting and diarrhea, hypothyroidism and radiation thyroiditis, skin burns, reproductive effects, and spontaneous abortions. Linear and linear-quadratic models are recommended for estimating cancer risks. Parameters are given for analyzing the risks of seven types o f cancer in adults-leukemia, bone, lung, breast, gastrointestinal, thyroid and "other". The category, "other" cancers, is intended to reflect the combined risks of multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and cancers of the bladder, kidney, brain, ovary, uterus and cervix. Models of childhood cancers due to in utero exposure are also provided. For most cancers, both incidence and mortality are addressed. The models of cancer risk are derived largely from information summarized in B E I R 111-with some adjustment to reflect more recent studies. The effect of the revised dosimetry in Hiroshima and Nagasaki has not been considered.

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“…Erythema proceeds in waves. After exposure of greater than 10 Gy, there may be an initial phase which reaches a peak at around day 1 followed by a second wave between one and four weeks [43][44] . Table 7 summarizes the reported medications and treatment against radiation skin injury [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] .…”

Section: (6) Effect On Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Note and Evaluation of Acute-radiation Syndrome and Treatment of a Tokai-mura Criticality Accident Patient

Ishii

Futami

Nishida

et al. 2001

JRR

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Patient A who was exposed to a critical dose of radiation developed skin lesions throughout the body surface, gastrointestinal disorder with massive diarrhea and prominent bleeding, which caused severe loss in body fluids. Gastrointestinal bleeding due to the deteriorated intestinal mucosa was considered to be one of the major causes of death, although infection did not develop, possibly because of SDD and aseptic intensive care, until terminal stages. Patient A ultimately developed respiratory and renal failure in addition to skin exudate and gastrointestinal bleeding, and died of multiple organ failure on the 83rd day after exposure. The extreme unevenness of the dose distribution and the neutron versus y-ray component made the clinical manifestation very complicated. Initially, the mean absorbed dose was calculated as 16-20 GyEq for Patient A, mainly based on neutron-activated 24Na in the blood. However, a very recent calculation showed that the absorbed skin dose was highest at the upper-right abdomen reaching 61.8 Gy (27.0 as neutron plus 34.8 Gy as y-ray). The dorsal side was calculated to have received one eighth of the value of the abdominal side, and much smaller neutron component. His absorbed-dose distribution throughout the body was very inhomogeneous because of the closeness of the standing point to the mixing tank. Despite prolonged survival because of intensive care with massive fluids and blood transfusion, peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation, cultured skin-cell grafts, and the administration of cytokines for marrow, the patient was not saved. Restoration of the bone marrow function, prevention of skin fibrosis, radiation lung damage, and repair of gastrointestinal mucosa, and final recovery of the patient were elusive. Abundant personnel and resources were also a prerequisite to allow for the comprehensive and collective intensive care. A further understanding of the effects of high-dose radiation as well as the basic and clinical development of regeneration medicine are important issues for the future.

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The Rate of Recuperation of Human Skin Following Irradiation

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

II. Dose-time Relationships in Radiotherapy and the Validity of Cell Survival Curve Models

II. Dose-time Relationships in Radiotherapy and the Validity of Cell Survival Curve Models

Health effects models for nuclear power plant accident consequence analysis: Low LET radiation: Part 2, Scientific bases for health effects models

Brief Note and Evaluation of Acute-radiation Syndrome and Treatment of a Tokai-mura Criticality Accident Patient

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