II. Dose-time Relationships in Radiotherapy and the Validity of Cell Survival Curve Models

Fowler, Jack F.; Stern, Babette E.

doi:10.1259/0007-1285-36-423-163

Cited by 113 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…I still maintain that the published data suggest that when using daily fractionation the slopes of the iso-effect curves for both skin and squamous cell carcinoma are approximately equal as found by Strandqvist (1944), Paterson (1948) and Fowler and Stern (1963). If plotted against overall time they are both of the order 0-22; if plotted against nominal time they are both of the order 0-29 or slightly higher.…”

supporting

confidence: 60%

Nominal standard dose and the ret

Liversage

1971

BJR

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supporting

confidence: 60%

Nominal standard dose and the ret

Liversage

1971

BJR

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“…It is important to note that the final solution of most, if not all, of these concepts is predicated on cell death as the major variable of interest, since that is the desired end point in tumors. Interestingly, although Fowler et al had proposed the linear-quadratic (LQ) model in the 1960s, 28,29 it was not until the 1980s, when Withers et al replotted isoeffect data using dose per fraction and demonstrated a differential between the response curves of acutely vs late responding normal tissues, 30,31 that it became clear that tissues that consist of predominantly slowly proliferating tissues, such as brain, 32,33 were more sensitive to changes in fraction size. Thus, the accumulation of biological data, clinical observations and mathematical modeling finally led to a full appreciation and scientific recognition that fractionated irradiation was, indeed, a means of sparing critical late tissues.…”

Section: Normal Tissue Damage Modelsbiological and Mathematicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal tissue damage: its importance, history and challenges for the future

Williams

Newhauser

2018

The British Journal of Radiology

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Sir Oliver Scott, a philanthropist and radiation biologist and, therefore, the epitome of a gentleman and a scholar, was an early Director of the BECC Radiobiology Research Unit at Mount Vernon. His tenure preceded that of Jack Fowler, with both contributing to basic, translational and clinical thought and application in radiation across the globe. With respect to this review, Fowler's name in particular has remained synonymous with the use of models, both animal and mathematical, that assess and quantify the biological mechanisms that underlie radiation-associated normal tissue toxicities. An understanding of these effects is critical to the optimal use of radiation therapy in the clinic; however, the role that basic sciences play in clinical practice has been undergoing considerable change in recent years, particularly in the USA, where there has been a growing emphasis on engineering and imaging to improve radiation delivery, with empirical observations of clinical outcome taking the place of models underpinned by evidence from basic science experiments. In honour of Scott and Fowler's work, we have taken this opportunity to review how our respective fields of radiation biology and radiation physics have intertwined over the years, affecting the clinical use of radiation with respect to normal tissue outcomes. We discuss the past and current achievements, with the hope of encouraging a revived interest in physics and biology as they relate to radiation oncology practice, since, like Scott and Fowler, we share the goal of improving the future outlook for cancer patients.

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“…In 1967, Ellis [6] proposed a mathematical expression relating total dose, treatment duration time and the number of fractions used in the total dose regimen. According to empirical research performed by Fowler [7] and Stern [8] on normal skin tissue, the isoeffect dose was shown to be not only related with time but also with the number of fractions. This was used by Ellis to replace the term T 0,22 with n p in expression (1) above, where n is the number of fractions.…”

Section: Models Based On Empirical Isoeffectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of physico-mathematical models in radiobiology and their application in ionizing radiation therapies

2014

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Radiobiology is the science of studying the interaction between radiation and biological tissues and the effects of the first on the latter. In this paper, we present various Physico-Mathematical models used in Radiobiology, which have been developed in order to compare and quantify the effectiveness of different radiation regimens. Different researchers have developed empirical models based on experimental considerations and on a radiological foundation. In one application of ionizing radiation therapies, the studies were able to relate several important parameters, such as dose per fraction, total dose, and the treatment time needed to obtain a better therapeutic index. In this paper, we aim to describe and discuss a number of radiobiological aspects of the results obtained throughout past research, such as Isoeffect Curves, Nominal Standard Dose (NDS), time-dose fractionation factors (TDF), and cell survival curves. Finally, we analyze the Linear-Quadratic Model.

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II. Dose-time Relationships in Radiotherapy and the Validity of Cell Survival Curve Models

Cited by 113 publications

References 24 publications

Nominal standard dose and the ret

Nominal standard dose and the ret

Normal tissue damage: its importance, history and challenges for the future

Evolution of physico-mathematical models in radiobiology and their application in ionizing radiation therapies

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