The raphe nuclei of the cat brain stem: A topographical atlas of their efferent projections as revealed by autoradiography

Bobillier, Pierre; Seguin, S.; Petitjean, F; Salvert, Denise; Touret, Monique; Jouvet, Michel

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90050-0

Cited by 646 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Since lesions also interrupt axons en passant and provide no information related to the chemical identity of the ascending projection, our observations confirm and extend these data. Our observations complement autoradiographic studies of the pontine raphe (Conrad et al, 1974;Azmitia and Segal, 1974;Bobillier et al, 1976) and evidence of serotonergic projections from a dorsal locus in the nucleus raphe dorsalis and ventral periaqueductal gray to the central-medial and parafascicular nuclei, members of the nondiscriminative intralaminar thalamic projection system (Sim and Joseph, 1992). Serotonergic fiber pathways to the thalamus are differentially distributed, principally by way of the medial forebrain bundle, and also via the periventricular fiber system (Azmitia and Segal, 1978).…”

Section: Nadphdsupporting

confidence: 80%

Monoamines and nitric oxide are employed by afferents engaged in midline thalamic regulation

Otake

Ruggiero

1995

J. Neurosci.

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The neurochemical identities of afferents to the midline thalamus were investigated in chloral hydrate-anesthetized adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The retrograde tracers, FluoroGold or cholera toxin B subunit, were centered on the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (n.Pvt), a periventricular member of the diffuse thalamocortical projection system that is reciprocally linked with visceral areas of cerebral cortex and implicated in food intake and addictive behavior. Tissues were processed with antisera raised against 5-HT, the catecholamine- synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase or phenylethanolamine N- methyltransferase or the cholinergic anabolic enzyme, ChAT. Serotonergic afferents principally derive from dorsal and median constituents of the mesopontine raphe. Previously unrecognized sources of catecholaminergic afferents were detected. Adrenergic afferents were traced to neurons in the C1 and C3 areas of rostral medullary reticular formation and periventricular gray, respectively, and the C2 area corresponding to the dorsal general viscerosensory field of nucleus tractus solitarii. Noradrenergic afferents arise principally from neurons in the locus ceruleus and A5 area. Dopaminergic projections to the n.Pvt derive from the A14, A13 and A11 cell groups in diencephalon. Afferents presumed to generate nitric oxide (NO) as a diffusible membrane-permeant transcellular signal were detected by processing retrogradely labeled tissues histochemically for NADPH-diaphorase, a molecule associated with nitric oxide synthase. NO in the n.Pvt is generated predominantly by noncholinergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area and mesopontine tegmentum. In striking contrast, extensive interactions were predicted between NO and ACh in the central medial and other loci in the nondiscriminative thalamus. We conclude that the n.Pvt is a site of interaction of NO and monoaminergic afferents derived from nuclei implicated in sensory gating, regulation of electrocortical neural activity and behavior. Taken collectively, our data predict that the labile transcellular messenger NO may enable structurally differentiated subnuclei of the diffuse thalamocortical projection system to act in concert as a functionally unified unit.

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Section: Nadphdsupporting

confidence: 80%

Monoamines and nitric oxide are employed by afferents engaged in midline thalamic regulation

Otake

Ruggiero

1995

J. Neurosci.

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“…In rodents, non-human primates, and presumably humans, it is the dorsal and median raphe nuclei that provide the serotonergic innervation of the entire forebrain (Wilson and Molliver 1991a,b;Bobillier et al 1975Bobillier et al , 1976Sakai et al 1977).…”

Section: Suicide and Depression Are Associated With Reduced Serotonermentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin 1A Receptors, Serotonin Transporter Binding and Serotonin Transporter mRNA Expression in the Brainstem of Depressed Suicide Victims

Arango

Underwood

Boldrini

et al. 2001

Neuropsychopharmacology

331

228

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Suicide and depression are associated with reduced serotonergic neurotransmission. In suicides, there is a reduction in serotonin transporter (SERT) sites and an increase in postsynaptic 5-HTReduced serotonergic function in the brain of suicide victims is suggested based on findings of lower brainstem levels of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), as well as fewer serotonin transporter (SERT) binding sites and more post-synaptic 5-HT 1A receptors in prefrontal cortex in suicide victims (see Mann et al. 2000 for review). In suicide victims, the changes in SERT and 5-HT 1A binding are NO . 6 Serotonin Transporter in the DRN of Suicides 893 localized to the ventral PFC (Arango et al. 1995), an area involved in behavioral inhibition (Damasio et al. 1994) and, therefore, the potential location of a diathesis for suicidal behavior. Studies in depressed suicide attempters compared to psychiatric controls have found lower cerebrospinal levels of 5-HIAA (Mann and Malone 1997). In vivo studies have employed pharmacological challenges that activate brain serotonin receptors invoking release of prolactin that can be measured in the blood Malone et al. 1996) or a change in regional glucose metabolism in the brain that can be measured by positron emission tomography (Malone et al. 2000). Results of these studies indicate blunted responses to 5-HT and support the notion of serotonin deficiency in depressed suicidal patients. Importantly, the relationship of serotonin hypofunction to suicidal acts is independent of psychiatric diagnosis (Mann et al. 1989;Stanley et al. 2000;Coccaro et al. 1989).The most widely reported serotonergic abnormality in major depression involves fewer platelet serotonin transporter sites (Owens and Nemeroff 1994). In vivo imaging (Malison et al. 1998;Willeit et al. 2000) and postmortem brain studies (Perry et al. 1983;Arango et al. 1995;Mann et al. 2000) conducted in depressed patients suggest that less SERT binding is more widespread in the brain compared with suicides, and includes the brainstem. One potential cause for fewer SERT sites, in the prefrontal cortex and elsewhere, would be a reduction in SERT gene expression. SERT mRNA is expressed in 5-HT neurons in the brainstem.We previously reported (Austin et al. 1994) the first anatomical visualization of human brain serotonin transporter gene expression and described the localization of the SERT mRNA to the serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and median raphe nucleus (MRN). In rodents, non-human primates, and presumably humans, it is the dorsal and median raphe nuclei that provide the serotonergic innervation of the entire forebrain (Wilson and Molliver 1991a,b;Bobillier et al. 1975Bobillier et al. , 1976Sakai et al. 1977).In the DRN, the 5-HT 1A receptor is a somatodendritic inhibitory autoreceptor on 5-HT neurons (Vergé et al. 1985;Middlemiss and Fozard 1983). 5-HT released locally acts on the autoreceptor to inhibit further release of the 5-HT transmitter (Wang and Aghajanian 1977). Altered autoinhib...

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“…Recent studies in neuroscience have revealed the actual sites of dopaminergic transmission in many areas of the mammalian CNS. It has also been found that in a certain area of the CNS there are abundant serotonergic axon-terminals or varicosities in the vicinity of catecholaminergic synapses (GALAS et a!.,1974;DESCARRIES, 1976, 1979;BOBILLIER et al, 1976;MOORE and BLOOM, 1978;SIMoN et al, 1979;STE-INBUSCH, 1981). The DA receptor of the pyramidal cell in hippocampus is the only receptor to be identified in mammals as being of the DH-type (BENARDO and PRINCE, 1982), although many neurons in the cortex and striatum have been shown to exhibit both inhibitory and excitatory responses to DA (HERRLING and HULL, 1980;HERRLING, 1981;BERNARDI et al, 1982).…”

Section: ) Effects Of Other Indole Derivatives On the Dahk-type Of Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blocking effect of serotonin on inhibitory dopamine receptor activity of Aplysia ganglion cells.

Shozushima

1984

Jpn.J.Physiol

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1) The abdominal ganglion of Aplysia includes neurons with a characteristic dopamine (DA) receptor, the activation of which induces a marked hyperpolarization with a specific increase in the permeability of the membrane to KtThe DA receptor of this type is called the "H K-type." 2) A 2-min exposure to 1,IM serotonin (5-HT) had little effect on the resting membranes with the receptor of HK-type, but significantly depressed the responses to 10 µM DA. The depressing effect of 5-HT on this type of response was completely reversible after a 15-min washing with normal artificial Aplysia blood. 3) Lineweaver-Burke type plotting of the DA-induced responses showed a systematic shift of the straight lines when the concentration of 5-HT was increased; the slope of the line became steeper but the intercept on the ordinate remained unchanged. 4) The dose-inhibition curves, in which relative responses to a given [DA] were plotted against log [5-HT], showed a parallel shift toward the right when the concentration of DA increased. 5) These findings suggest that 5-HT competes with DA for common binding sites at the DA receptor of HK-type, and that the blockade is not due to the interaction of 5-HT with K+-channels in the receptor membrane. 6) The effect of other indole derivatives suggests that the DA receptor of HK-type includes anionic and cationic sites to which the NH2 group and 5-HO group of 5-HT could specifically bind, thus exhibiting competitive blockade.

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The raphe nuclei of the cat brain stem: A topographical atlas of their efferent projections as revealed by autoradiography

Cited by 646 publications

References 34 publications

Monoamines and nitric oxide are employed by afferents engaged in midline thalamic regulation

Monoamines and nitric oxide are employed by afferents engaged in midline thalamic regulation

Serotonin 1A Receptors, Serotonin Transporter Binding and Serotonin Transporter mRNA Expression in the Brainstem of Depressed Suicide Victims

Blocking effect of serotonin on inhibitory dopamine receptor activity of Aplysia ganglion cells.

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