The Raikas – A unique combination of high prevalence of type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes and near zero incidence of the disease

Bhat, Deepali K; Kanga, Uma; Kumar, Neeraj; Agrawal, R P; Mourya, Manish; Kalaivani, Mani; Kaur, Tanvir; Mehra, N. K.

doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2014.09.009

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Moreover, a comprehensive and a comparative study on one tribe of camel breeders in India who frequently consume CM showed a lower incidence risk of diabetes compared to other communities; plausibly due to consumption of CM (21). This study along with others advocates for the antidiabetic potential of CM (21)(22)(23). However, the scientific rationale behind such antidiabetic properties of CM is still elusive with regard to two key aspects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Camel Milk Targeting Insulin Receptor—Toward Understanding the Antidiabetic Effects of Camel Milk

et al. 2022

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Camel milk (CM) is known for its beneficial virtues in the human diet and health. This includes its antidiabetic properties demonstrated in many in vitro and in vivo studies. Nevertheless, the scientific rationale behind the molecular and cellular basis of such beneficial effects and the exact antidiabetic agent(s)/mechanism(s) are still elusive. In this review, we focused on the recent advances supporting the targeting of insulin receptor (IR) by CM components. Indeed, our recent work reported that CM proteins and derived peptides pharmacologically target IR in vitro leading to its activation and potentiation of insulin-mediated responses. The review describes the experimental approaches used to investigate the effects of CM on IR in vitro based on the fractionation of CM whey proteins to purify functional proteins and their hydrolysis by gastric proteases to generate bioactive peptides. In addition, we illustrated our cellular and molecular model consisting of studying the functional activity of CM fractions on IR and its downstream signaling pathways in the hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and the human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells using the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), phosphorylation, and glucose uptake assays. Overall, our work demonstrated for the first time that CM lactoferrin and CM-derived bioactive peptides positively modulate IR and its related signaling pathways in HepG2 and HEK293 cells. As a conclusion, the pharmacological targeting of IR by CM sheds more light on the antidiabetic properties of CM by providing its molecular basis that may constitute a solid rationale for the development of new generation of antidiabetic tools from CM-derived proteins and peptides and the utilization of CM in the management of diabetes. The sequencing and the synthesis of the potent bioactive CM peptides may open promising perspectives for their application as antidiabetic agents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Camel Milk Targeting Insulin Receptor—Toward Understanding the Antidiabetic Effects of Camel Milk

et al. 2022

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“…This anti-diabetic effect of dromedary milk is probably due to the lack of milk coagulation in the stomach, with a consequently higher resistance of milk insulin in the gastrointestinal tract [41]. The presence of some milk insulin-like molecules still unknown in camel milk has been suggested as being another possible cause of the anti-diabetic effects [42].…”

Section: Camel Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Properties of Camelids and Equids Fresh and Fermented Milk

Polidori

Cammertoni

Santini

et al. 2021

Dairy

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Milk is considered a complete food because all of the nutrients important to fulfill a newborn’s daily requirements are present, including vitamins and minerals, ensuring the correct growth rate. A large amount of global milk production is represented by cow, goat, and sheep milks; these species produce about 87% of the milk available all over the world. However, the milk obtained by minor dairy animal species is a basic food and an important family business in several parts of the world. Milk nutritional properties from a wide range of minor dairy animal species have not been totally determined. Hot temperatures and the lack of water and feed in some arid and semi-arid areas negatively affect dairy cows; in these countries, milk supply for local nomadic populations is provided by camels and dromedaries. The nutritional quality in the milk obtained from South American camelids has still not been completely investigated, the possibility of creating an economic resource for the people living in the Andean highlands must be evaluated. Both mare and donkey milks show a chemical composition very similar to human milk, and they represent a good replacer of cows’ milk for infants nutrition, especially for children affected by cow milk proteins allergy. In this review, differences and similarities in the quality parameters of milk from minor dairy animals, such as camelids and equids, have been compared.

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“…The authors explained this contradiction in the finding with the fact that camel milk was part of the community's staple diet and, hence, there may be the presence of some protective factors in the milk. [8]…”

Section: What Did the Review Find?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Camel milk for reduction of diabetes risk: Are we heading toward the right direction?

Shah

Yasobant

Saxena

2019

J Family Med Prim Care

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Diabetes is emerging as an important public health problem in India imparting huge burden on healthcare economics. Recently a milk packaging company has introduced camel milk product with its potential use in reducing risk of diabetes. In this study, we had evaluated the available evidences and found that though camel milk may have some benefits for the patients with type 1 diabetes, its efficacy for improving glycemic profile of type 2 diabetes is highly controversial and further evidences in the form of randomized controlled trials are needed to substantiate the effect.

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The Raikas – A unique combination of high prevalence of type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes and near zero incidence of the disease

Cited by 11 publications

References 45 publications

Camel Milk Targeting Insulin Receptor—Toward Understanding the Antidiabetic Effects of Camel Milk

Camel Milk Targeting Insulin Receptor—Toward Understanding the Antidiabetic Effects of Camel Milk

Nutritional Properties of Camelids and Equids Fresh and Fermented Milk

Camel milk for reduction of diabetes risk: Are we heading toward the right direction?

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