The Quaternary glacial history of Nanga Parbat

Owen, Lewis A.; Scott, Christine; Derbyshire, Edward

doi:10.1016/s1040-6182(99)00037-3

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The center of the Nanga Parbat massif comprises mostly leucogranites, some with cooling ages as young as 1–10 Ma, again indicative of rapid exhumation, while the surrounding terranes include a variety of metasedimentary gneisses and orthogneisses [e.g., Schneider et al , 1999]. Both the maximum extent and timing of glaciations in the Nanga Parbat region remain controversial [e.g., Phillips et al , 2000; Richards et al , 2000, 2001], but most studies agree that the largest glaciers extended into the Indus Valley adjacent to Nanga Parbat at their maximum Pleistocene extent [e.g., Owen et al , 2000].…”

Section: Field Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of glacial landscapes to spatial variations in rock uplift rate

Brocklehurst¹,

Whipple²

2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] The response of glaciated landscapes to rapid rock uplift, driven by tectonic convergence, is an important, often neglected, aspect of proposed interactions between plate tectonic processes and climate change. Rivers typically respond to more rapid rock uplift in part through increasing channel gradients. In contrast, the ''glacial buzzsaw'' hypothesis suggests that glaciers can erode as quickly as the fastest rock uplift rates (6-10 mm/yr) without any increase in mean elevations. However, it has not been established how this is achieved. We examined moving window maps, swath and longitudinal profiles, hillslope relief, and hypsometry for glacierized and formerly glacierized basins in areas of spatially variable rock uplift rate in the Southern Alps, New Zealand, and around Nanga Parbat, Pakistan, to determine whether glaciers have a specific response to rapid rock uplift. The response of these glaciated landscapes to rapid rock uplift (6-10 mm/yr) comprises (1) modest steepening of the longitudinal profiles in smaller glaciated basins, (2) maintenance of shallow downvalley slopes in larger glaciated basins (>$30 km 2 , Southern Alps; >$100 km 2 , Nanga Parbat), (3) development of tall headwalls, and (4) steepening of the basin as a whole, dominated by hillslope lengthening. Around Nanga Parbat, headwalls several kilometers high constitute >50% of the basin relief. At rapid rock uplift rates, although glaciers can incise the valley floor swiftly, they cannot prevent headwalls from reaching exceptional heights. The associated increase in mean distance between cirque heads (i.e., a decrease in drainage density) causes regional mean elevation to rise with increasing rock uplift rate. However, this is much less than the changes in elevation expected in unglaciated ranges.Citation: Brocklehurst, S. H., and K. X. Whipple (2007), Response of glacial landscapes to spatial variations in rock uplift rate,

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Section: Field Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of glacial landscapes to spatial variations in rock uplift rate

Brocklehurst¹,

Whipple²

2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…A comprehensive modern study of the glacial geology of Nanga Parbat was undertaken by Scott (1992) and summa-rized in Derbyshire and Owen (1997) and Owen et al (2000). On the basis of geomorphological and sedimentological evidence, Scott (1992) showed that two major glaciations and a later minor glacial advance had occurred in the Astore valley (Fig.…”

Section: Nanga Parbatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of Late Quaternary glaciations in the Himalayas of northern Pakistan

2000

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Optically stimulated luminescence dating of Late Quaternary glaciogenic sediments was undertaken in critical areas of the Himalayas of northern Pakistan in order to examine the timing of glaciation. The dates demonstrate that several glaciations occurred during the last glacial cycle. In Swat, the Grabral 2 Stade and the Kalam I Stade were dated at ca. 77 ka and ca. 38 ka, respectively. The error on the former date is large and it is conceivable that the moraines may have formed during the early part of Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 rather than during Oxygen Isotope Stage 4. The Kalam I Stade, however, clearly represents a glaciation during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3. The oldest moraines and those at the lowest altitude in the Indus valley at Shatial have an age of ca. 60 ka. These also relate to a major glacial advance during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3. A younger series of moraines, the Jalipur Tillite, and glaciofluvial sands at Liachar in the Indus valley, and moraines at Rampur-Tarshing have ages of ca. 27 ka, ca. 21-23 ka and ca. 15 ka, respectively. These dates show that glaciers also occupied parts of the Indus valley during Oxygen Isotope Stage 2. These dates and the morphostratigraphy show that glaciation in the Pakistani Himalaya was more extensive during the early part of the last glacial cycle and that the local last glacial maximum in Pakistan was asynchronous with the maximum extent of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets.

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“…A comprehensive modern study of the glacial geology of Nanga Parbat was undertaken by Scott (1992) (2000) rized in Derbyshire and Owen (1997) and Owen et al (2000). On the basis of geomorphological and sedimentological evidence, Scott (1992) showed that two major glaciations and a later minor glacial advance had occurred in the Astore valley (Fig.…”

Section: Nanga Parbatmentioning

confidence: 99%