“…New architectures have been investigated recently; these architectures take advantages of nearest neighbors or proximity interactions, and aim to minimize long distance interconnects and can incorporate fault tolerance conveniently to form new information processing paradigms. A revisit of architectures such as cellular automata, cellular nonlinear network, cross net molecular computing and eventually quantum computing in the context of using new nanodevices has recently emerged [3,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Some of these architectures have been shown to outperform the conventional computer in some specific tasks.…”