The quantitative aspect of photoplethysmography revised

Jespersen, Lennard Tang; Pedersen, Ole Lederballe

doi:10.1007/bf02128146

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Another important issue is that the signal from the device is a function of red cell density, with the relation between blood volume and signal output being more likely a logarithmic function according to the Lambert-Beer equation. 10 In study 2, SDPTG shows the increase in b/a and decrease in c/a, d/a and e/a ratios. Each wave ratio had significant age-related change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Assessment of Vasoactive Agents and Vascular Aging by the Second Derivative of Photoplethysmogram Waveform

et al. 1998

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Abstract-To evaluate the clinical application of the second derivative of the fingertip photoplethysmogram waveform, we performed drug administration studies (study 1) and epidemiological studies (study 2). In study 1, ascending aortic pressure was recorded simultaneously with the fingertip photoplethysmogram and its second derivative in 39 patients with a meanϮSD age of 54Ϯ11 years. The augmentation index was defined as the ratio of the height of the late systolic peak to that of the early systolic peak in the pulse. The negative d/a reflects the late systolic pressure augmentation in the ascending aorta and may be useful for noninvasive evaluation of the effects of vasoactive agents. In study 2, the second derivative of the plethysmogram waveform was measured in a total of 600 subjects (50 men and 50 women in each decade from the 3rd to the 8th) in our health assessment center. The b/a ratio increased with age, and c/a, d/a, and e/a ratios decreased with age. Thus, the second derivative aging index was defined as b-c-d-e/a. The second derivative wave aging index (y) increased with age (x) (rϭ0.80, PϽ0.001, yϭ0.023xϪ1.515). The second derivative aging index was higher in 126 subjects with any history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and ischemic heart disease than in age-matched subjects without such a history (Ϫ0. Key Words: photoplethysmography Ⅲ second derivative wave Ⅲ augmentation index Ⅲ vasoactive agents Ⅲ vascular aging Ⅲ angiotensin Ⅲ nitroglycerin N oninvasive pulse wave analysis is useful for evaluation of vascular load and vascular aging. 1 It is usually measured at the palpable artery, including carotid, femoral, and radial arteries.2 These pulse wave tracings provide more precise information concerning blood pressure changes than systolic and diastolic pressures only. 3 The basic idea of the augmentation index was first described by Murgo et al 4 in 1980 in relation to the reflection return point in the ascending aorta. Kelly et al 2 first used the term "augmentation index" in their 1989 study evaluating age-related changes in AIs. They showed age-related increase in AIs at carotid and radial arteries. Ascending aortic pressure can be divided into 2 components at the anacrotic notch, where maximal flow velocity is observed.2 The early systolic component is caused mainly by left ventricular ejection, and the second component is augmented by peripheral reflection wave.5 PTG detects the changes in the amount of light absorbed by hemoglobin, which reflects changes in blood volume. Wiederhelm et al 6 showed pulsatile pressure changes in vessel down to metaarteriole size that corresponded to pulse tracing. PTG has been used to evaluate arterial compliance in relation to changes in the amplitude of wave, 7 but the wave contour itself is not usually used. The SDPTG has been developed to allow more accurate recognition of the inflection points on the original plethysmographic wave, ie, anacrotic or dicrotic notches. In 1972, Ozawa recorded the first and second derivative waves of P...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Assessment of Vasoactive Agents and Vascular Aging by the Second Derivative of Photoplethysmogram Waveform

et al. 1998

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“…The signal of the blood volume changes in the peripheral circulation, which indicated the PTG, was sent to the SDP-100. The PTG describes the changes in the absorption of light by hemoglobin using a waveform according to the Lambert-Beer law (14). The PTG measurement methodology is described in detail elsewhere (15).…”

Section: Sdptg Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent Determinants of Second Derivative of the Finger Photoplethysmogram among Various Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Middle-Aged Men

et al. 2007

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“…The PTG describes the changes in the absorption of light by hemoglobin using a waveform according to the LambertBeer law. 27 The details of the methodology for the measurement of the PTG and the SDPTG are described elsewhere. 28 The double differentiation of the PTG was then performed automatically in the device.…”

Section: Measurements Of the Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of Second Derivative of the Finger Photoplethysmogram for the Estimation of the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in the General Population

Otsuka

Kawada

Katsumata

et al. 2006

Circ J

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oronary heart disease (CHD) is still one of the major causes of deaths in Japan. 1 Moreover, CHD mortality is expected to increase in the near future because the lifestyles of the Japanese, such as their dietary habits, have become westernized. 2 Indeed, it has been reported that young Japanese patients with CHD who have multiple coronary risk factors, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, all of which might be associated with their lifestyles, have been increasing. 3 Therefore, it is important in the field of cardiovascular preventive medicine to identify those at risk of CHD in general populations.Increased arterial stiffness has been shown to be associated not only with several coronary risk factors, 4-11 but also with the future development of CHD. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Recently, the second derivative of the finger photoplethysmogram (SDPTG) has been developed as one of the non-invasive and convenient methods for pulse-wave analysis. [19][20][21] The SDPTG is obtained from double differentiation of the finger photoplethysmogram (PTG) and is thought to provide structural and functional properties of both central and peripheral arteries. 19 Indeed, an index calculated from the SDPTG showed a significant association with age, 19,20,[22][23][24] carotid arterial distensibility, 25 and the aortic augmentation index (AIx). 19,21 In addition, the SDPTG indices were independently influenced by several risk factors for atherosclerosis in patients with hypertension 23 and in the general population. 24 However, it is still unclear as to whether the SDPTG indices are related to the coronary risk factors, or moreover, the risk for the future development of CHD in apparently healthy individuals.Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional study in a Japanese community to assess the relationship between the SDPTG indices and coronary risk factors in subjects with no apparent atherosclerotic disorders. Furthermore, we calculated the Framingham risk score, 26 which has been used to estimate an individual's risk of CHD, and determined the optimal cut-off points of the SDPTG indices to discriminate individuals at risk of CHD. Methods Study PopulationIn the present study, 211 subjects (age: 63±15 years, range: 21-91 years, 93 males) who underwent both SDPTG recording and blood sampling after an overnight fast were recruited from the annual health examination in a community, Yamanashi, Japan, in 2004 and. Subjects with a history or presence of atherosclerotic disorders, such as CHD, stroke, and peripheral obstructive arterial disease, were excluded from the study. We also excluded subjects with renal dysfunction (serum creatinine ≥1.3 mg/dl) or patients who had taken medications for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or diabetes mellitus. Subjects with abnormal Q-waves on the 12-lead electrocardiogram at rest were also excluded. This study protocol was approved by the

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The quantitative aspect of photoplethysmography revised

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Assessment of Vasoactive Agents and Vascular Aging by the Second Derivative of Photoplethysmogram Waveform

Assessment of Vasoactive Agents and Vascular Aging by the Second Derivative of Photoplethysmogram Waveform

Independent Determinants of Second Derivative of the Finger Photoplethysmogram among Various Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Middle-Aged Men

Utility of Second Derivative of the Finger Photoplethysmogram for the Estimation of the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in the General Population

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