Background
The ubiquity of the Internet is changing the way people obtain their health information. While there is an abundance of heart failure information online, the quality and health literacy demand of these information are still unknown.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality and health literacy demand (readability, understandability, and actionability) of the heart failure information found online.
Methods
Google, Yahoo, Bing, Ask.com, and DuckDuckGo were searched for relevant heart failure websites. Two independent raters then assessed the quality and health literacy demand of the included websites. The quality of the heart failure information was assessed using the DISCERN instrument. Readability was assessed using seven established readability tests. Finally, understandability and actionability were assessed using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Print Materials (PEMAT-P).
Results
A total of 46 websites were included in this analysis. The overall mean quality rating was 46.0 ± 8.9 and the mean readability score was 12.6 grade reading level. The overall mean understandability score was 56.3% ± 16.2. Finally, the overall mean actionability score was 34.7% ± 28.7.
Conclusions
The heart failure information found online was of fair quality but required a relatively high health literacy level. Web content authors need to consider not just the quality, but also the health literacy demand of the information found in their websites. This is especially important considering that low health literacy is likely prevalent among the usual audience.